Unadjusted survival analysis of variables associated with death
| Characteristic | HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|
| Demographic | |
| Sex, female | 2.05 (1.07–3.92) |
| City, Vancouver | 1.21 (0.65–2.25) |
| Age | 1.05 (0.97–1.13) |
| Trauma | |
| Either parent attended residential school | |
| Yes | 1.22 (0.54–2.73) |
| Unsure | 0.83 (0.33–2.08) |
| Ever removed from biological parents | 0.73 (0.39–1.36) |
| Childhood sexual abuse | 1.21 (0.65–2.24) |
| Age at first sexual abuse* | 0.94 (0.83–1.06) |
| Ever attempted suicide | 1.97 (1.06–3.66) |
| Ever incarcerated | 1.82 (0.87–3.82) |
| Ever admitted to hospital for mental illness | 1.19 (0.55–2.58) |
| Ever diagnosed with mental illness | 1.65 (0.88–3.10) |
| Ever thought about suicide | 1.71 (0.89–3.27) |
| Slept on the streets for ≥ 3 nights (recent) | 0.67 (0.29–1.51) |
| Thought about suicide (recent) | 0.78 (0.20–3.03) |
| Incarcerated (recent) | 1.33 (0.68–2.63) |
| Substance use | |
| Age at first non-injection drug use† | 0.93 (0.84–1.02) |
| Ever injected | 3.36 (1.55–7.29) |
| Age at first injection | 0.96 (0.88–1.05) |
| Ever overdosed | 1.46 (0.77–2.78) |
| Injection drug use (recent) | 1.98 (1.04–3.77) |
| Binge injection drug use (recent) | 2.52 (0.99–6.45) |
| Binge non-injection drug use (recent) | 1.24 (0.60–2.54) |
| Alcohol binge (recent) | 1.40 (0.62–3.17) |
| Daily or more injection of cocaine (recent) | 2.81 (1.16–6.79) |
| Daily or more injection of crystal methamphetamine (recent) | 1.15 (0.28–4.79) |
| Daily or more injection of opiates (recent) | 2.41 (1.22–4.77) |
| Overdose (recent) | 3.11 (1.10–8.79) |
| Ever methadone treatment | 1.90 (0.93–3.89) |
| Methadone treatment (recent) | 2.04 (0.90–4.62) |
| Sexual vulnerability | |
| Ever been paid for sex | 1.42 (0.76–2.63) |
| Sexual assault (recent) | 1.91 (0.46–7.94) |
| Sex work (recent) | 1.58 (0.74–3.40) |
| HIV or HCV infection | |
| HIV infection | 1.77 (0.84–3.73) |
| HCV infection | 2.22 (1.16–4.26) |