Temporal trends and comparisons of ASMRs for deaths related to respiratory causes, accidents and suicide in individuals with and without schizophrenia (1993–2012)
| Year | Cause of death; ASMR, per 1000 population aged 15 yr or older* | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Respiratory | Accidents | Suicide | ||||||||||
| Non-SCZ | SCZ | RR† | RD‡ | Non-SCZ | SCZ | RR† | RD‡ | Non-SCZ | SCZ | RR† | RD‡ | |
| 1993 | 0.80 | 3.11 | 3.89 | 2.31 | 0.34 | 1.42 | 4.18 | 1.08 | 0.12 | 3.19 | 26.58 | 3.07 |
| 1994 | 0.81 | 2.97 | 3.67 | 2.16 | 0.32 | 1.32 | 4.13 | 1.00 | 0.11 | 2.04 | 18.55 | 1.93 |
| 1995 | 0.80 | 2.92 | 3.65 | 2.12 | 0.32 | 1.22 | 3.81 | 0.90 | 0.11 | 2.23 | 20.27 | 2.12 |
| 1996 | 0.77 | 3.07 | 3.99 | 2.30 | 0.31 | 1.43 | 4.61 | 1.12 | 0.11 | 2.29 | 20.82 | 2.18 |
| 1997 | 0.76 | 3.13 | 4.12 | 2.37 | 0.30 | 0.93 | 3.10 | 0.63 | 0.10 | 1.64 | 16.40 | 1.54 |
| 1998 | 0.81 | 3.16 | 3.90 | 2.35 | 0.28 | 1.28 | 4.57 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 1.66 | 16.60 | 1.56 |
| 1999 | 0.78 | 3.06 | 3.92 | 2.28 | 0.29 | 0.94 | 3.24 | 0.65 | 0.09 | 1.78 | 19.78 | 1.69 |
| 2000 | 0.62 | 2.07 | 3.34 | 1.45 | 0.27 | 1.21 | 4.48 | 0.94 | 0.09 | 1.44 | 16.00 | 1.35 |
| 2001 | 0.59 | 1.75 | 2.97 | 1.16 | 0.27 | 1.03 | 3.81 | 0.76 | 0.09 | 1.63 | 18.11 | 1.54 |
| 2002 | 0.56 | 2.01 | 3.59 | 1.45 | 0.27 | 1.07 | 3.96 | 0.80 | 0.07 | 1.38 | 19.71 | 1.31 |
| 2003 | 0.59 | 2.33 | 3.95 | 1.74 | 0.29 | 1.11 | 3.83 | 0.82 | 0.09 | 1.53 | 17.00 | 1.44 |
| 2004 | 0.57 | 1.94 | 3.40 | 1.37 | 0.28 | 1.03 | 3.68 | 0.75 | 0.09 | 1.37 | 15.22 | 1.28 |
| 2005 | 0.60 | 2.16 | 3.60 | 1.56 | 0.28 | 1.22 | 4.36 | 0.94 | 0.09 | 1.00 | 11.11 | 0.91 |
| 2006 | 0.53 | 1.92 | 3.62 | 1.39 | 0.29 | 1.17 | 4.03 | 0.88 | 0.08 | 1.15 | 14.38 | 1.07 |
| 2007 | 0.55 | 2.15 | 3.91 | 1.60 | 0.30 | 1.41 | 4.70 | 1.11 | 0.09 | 1.26 | 14.00 | 1.17 |
| 2008 | 0.53 | 2.12 | 4.00 | 1.59 | 0.30 | 1.23 | 4.10 | 0.93 | 0.08 | 0.97 | 12.13 | 0.89 |
| 2009 | 0.53 | 2.14 | 4.04 | 1.61 | 0.29 | 1.32 | 4.55 | 1.03 | 0.09 | 1.35 | 15.00 | 1.26 |
| 2010 | 0.51 | 1.78 | 3.49 | 1.27 | 0.31 | 1.45 | 4.68 | 1.14 | 0.09 | 1.09 | 12.11 | 1.00 |
| 2011 | 0.53 | 1.98 | 3.74 | 1.45 | 0.30 | 1.42 | 4.73 | 1.12 | 0.09 | 1.04 | 11.56 | 0.95 |
| 2012 | 0.50 | 1.63 | 3.26 | 1.13 | 0.31 | 1.16 | 3.74 | 0.85 | 0.09 | 0.85 | 9.44 | 0.76 |
| Average over time | 3.70 | NA | 4.12 | 0.92 | NA | NA | ||||||
| Absolute difference§ | 0.3 | 1.48 | 0.03 | 0.26 | 0.03 | 2.34 | ||||||
| Relative difference¶ | −37.5% | −47.6% | −8.8% | −18.3% | −25.0% | −73.4% | ||||||
| p for trend** | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.3 | 0.6 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Note: ASMR = age- and sex-standardized mortality rate, NA = not applicable, non-SCZ = individuals without schizophrenia, RD = rate difference, RR = rate ratio, SCZ = individuals with schizophrenia.
↵* Except where indicated otherwise.
↵† When the result of the test for interaction between year of death and schizophrenia status (age-and sex-adjusted negative binomial model) was not statistically significant (p > 0.05), the average RR is presented in the row for “average over time.”
↵‡ When p for the trend of RD over time was greater than 0.05, the average RD is presented in the row for “average over time.”
↵§ Absolute difference in ASMRs per 1000 between 1993 and 2012.
↵¶ Relative difference between 1993 and 2012 rates, expressed as a percentage of the 1993 rate.
↵** p value for linear trend obtained using unadjusted linear regression.