Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of individuals with and without schizophrenia who died in 1993
| Characteristic | Individuals without schizophrenia | Individuals with schizophrenia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) of deaths | Population 15–105 yr, no. (%) | Crude rate per 1000 (95% CI) | No. (%) of deaths | Population 15–105 yr, no. (%) | Crude rate per 1000 (95% CI) | |
| Overall | 72 068 (100) | 8 793 478 (100) | 8.20 (8.14–8.26) | 830 (100) | 34 338 (100) | 24.17 (22.55–25.87) |
| Age group, yr | ||||||
| 15–24 | 732 (1.0) | 1 494 489 (17.0) | 0.49 (0.45–0.53) | 13 (1.6) | 2240 (6.5) | 5.80 (3.09–9.92) |
| 25–34 | 1265 (1.8) | 1 943 429 (22.1) | 0.65 (0.62–0.69) | 62 (7.5) | 7991 (23.3) | 7.76 (5.95–9.95) |
| 35–44 | 2320 (3.2) | 1 768 768 (20.1) | 1.31 (1.26–1.37) | 71 (8.6) | 8782 (25.6) | 8.08 (6.31–10.2) |
| 45–54 | 3839 (5.3) | 1 292 297 (14.7) | 2.97 (2.88–3.07) | 79 (9.5) | 5751 (16.7) | 13.74 (10.88–17.12) |
| 55–64 | 8210 (11.4) | 954 048 (10.8) | 8.61 (8.42–8.79) | 115 (13.9) | 3969 (11.6) | 28.97 (23.92–34.78) |
| 65–74 | 16 888 (23.4) | 794 052 (9.0) | 21.27 (20.95–21.59) | 208 (25.1) | 3357 (9.8) | 61.96 (53.83–70.98) |
| 75–84 | 21 607 (30.0) | 408 679 (4.6) | 52.87 (52.17–53.58) | 195 (23.5) | 1669 (4.9) | 116.84 (101.01–134.44) |
| ≥ 85 | 17 207 (23.9) | 137 716 (1.6) | 124.95 (123.09–126.83) | 87 (10.5) | 579 (1.7) | 150.26 (120.35–185.34) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 34 663 (48.1) | 4 495 701 (51.1) | 7.71 (7.63–7.79) | 461 (55.5) | 16 548 (48.2) | 27.86 (25.37–30.52) |
| Male | 37 405 (51.9) | 4 297 777 (48.9) | 8.70 (8.62–8.79) | 369 (44.5) | 17 790 (51.8) | 20.74 (18.68–22.97) |
| Neighbourhood income quintile | ||||||
| Q1 (lowest) | 16 530 (22.9) | 1 820 592 (20.7) | 9.08 (8.94–9.22) | 187 (22.5) | 10 487 (30.5) | 17.83 (15.37–20.58) |
| Q2 | 13 983 (19.4) | 1 701 129 (19.3) | 8.22 (8.08–8.36) | 158 (19.0) | 6884 (20.0) | 22.95 (19.51–26.82) |
| Q3 | 12 399 (17.2) | 1 664 712 (18.9) | 7.45 (7.32–7.58) | 139 (16.7) | 5672 (16.5) | 24.51 (20.60–28.94) |
| Q4 | 11 621 (16.1) | 1 675 344 (19.1) | 6.94 (6.81–7.06) | 108 (13.0) | 4670 (13.6) | 23.13 (18.97–27.92) |
| Q5 (highest) | 11 840 (16.4) | 1 654 467 (18.8) | 7.16 (7.03–7.29) | 118 (14.2) | 4380 (12.8) | 26.94 (22.30–32.26) |
| Unknown | 5695 (7.9) | 277 234 (3.2) | 20.54 (20.01–21.08) | 120 (14.5) | 2245 (6.5) | 53.45 (44.32–63.92) |
| Dwelling | ||||||
| Urban | 59 822 (83.0) | 7 322 674 (83.3) | 8.17 (8.10–8.24) | 714 (86.0) | 30 443 (88.7) | 23.45 (21.76–25.24) |
| Rural | 11 727 (16.3) | 1 411 045 (16.0) | 8.31 (8.16–8.46) | 110 (13.3) | 3617 (10.5) | 30.41 (24.99–36.65) |
| Unknown | 519 (0.7) | 59 759 (0.7) | 8.68 (7.95–9.47) | 6 (0.7) | 278 (0.8) | 21.58 (7.92–46.98) |
| Cause of death*† | ||||||
| Circulatory | 28 902 (40.1) | 8 793 478 (100) | 3.29 (3.25–3.32) | 238 (28.7) | 34 338 (100) | 6.93 (6.08–7.87) |
| Neoplasm | 20 494 (28.4) | 8 793 478 (100) | 2.33 (2.30–2.36) | 145 (17.5) | 34 338 (100) | 4.22 (3.56–4.97) |
| Metabolic‡ | 5090 (7.1) | 8 793 478 (100) | 0.58 (0.56–0.59) | 68 (8.2) | 34 338 (100) | 1.98 (1.54–2.51) |
| Respiratory | 6153 (8.5) | 8 793 478 (100) | 0.70 (0.68–0.72) | 98 (11.8) | 34 338 (100) | 2.85 (2.32–3.48) |
| Accidental§ | 2815 (3.9) | 8 793 478 (100) | 0.32 (0.31–0.33) | 49 (5.9) | 34 338 (100) | 1.43 (1.06–1.89) |
| Suicide | 1012 (1.4) | 8 793 478 (100) | 0.12 (0.11–0.12) | 100 (12) | 34 338 (100) | 2.91 (2.37–3.54) |
Note: CI = confidence interval.
↵* For a classification of International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes into cause-of-death categories, see Appendix 1 (available at www.cmaj.ca/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1503/cmaj.161351/-/DC1).
↵† Proportions for causes of death do not sum to 100% because some data were suppressed, as a result of small cell sizes.
↵‡ Metabolic causes of death included metabolic, nutritional, immunity and endocrine conditions, as well as diseases of the digestive system.
↵§ Accidental causes of death included motor vehicle crashes, accidental poisoning, falls, fire, and drugs or adverse events in therapeutic use.