Table 2:

Effect of cost drivers on differences in estimated 2015 expenditure per capita on all 6 primary care therapeutic categories in each country compared with the other 9 comparator countries combined^*

Driver	Mixed financing, Canada	Universal public financing					Universal social insurance financing

		Australia	New Zealand	Norway	Sweden	UK	France	Germany	Netherlands	Switzerland
Volume

Domestic expenditure per capita, $	158	91	23	59	56	81	106	97	49	171

Comparator expenditure per capita, $	91	99	99	99	100	103	96	99	101	96

Difference in expenditure, %	74	−8	−77	−41	−44	−22	10	−2	−52	77

Domestic days of therapy per capita	260	222	228	198	243	267	236	279	238	202

Comparator days of therapy per capita	253	256	254	255	254	251	258	245	255	255

Difference in days of therapy, %	3	−13	−11	−22	−4	6	−9	14	−7	−21

Difference in cost per day of therapy, percentage point difference^†	71	6	−66	−19	−40	−28	18	−16	−45	98

Choice effects

Broad mix of therapies, %	11	14	−10	−3	−16	−11	4	−12	−11	11

Narrow mix of therapies, %	8	11	−23	−8	−13	−23	11	−5	−10	18

Subtotal	19	24	−33	−12	−29	−34	15	−16	−22	29

Price effects

Generic use	−9	6	−7	13	1	1	5	−3	−2	12

Prices	61	−25	−27	−20	−13	5	−1	3	−21	57

Subtotal	52	−18	−33	−7	−11	6	3	1	−23	69

↵* The comparator for each country is the population-weighted sum of all 9 other countries studied.
↵† The percentage point differences for the drivers of cost per day of therapy depict how much higher or lower per capita expenditures are because of differences between the specific country’s utilization or pricing patterns and those of the other comparator countries. Some totals and subtotals will not add up exactly because of rounding.