No. of deliveries by mode, and by maternal, infant and obstetric characteristics among women delivering term singletons by midpelvic operative vaginal delivery or cesarean delivery with labour in Canada* from 2003 to 2013
| Maternal/neonatal characteristic | No. of deliveries (% of total no. of deliveries per characteristic level)† n = 187 234 | Total no. of deliveries per characteristic level | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attempted midpelvic forceps n = 24 274 | Attempted midpelvic vacuum n = 23 525 | Attempted midpelvic sequential n = 4012 | Cesarean n = 135 423 | |||
| Maternal age, yr | < 0.001 | |||||
| < 20 | 888 (11.3) | 1001 (12.8) | 199 (2.5) | 5758 (73.4) | 7846 | |
| 20–24 | 3359 (11.8) | 3545 (12.5) | 676 (2.4) | 20 821 (73.3) | 28 401 | |
| 25–29 | 7850 (13.6) | 7242 (12.6) | 1376 (2.4) | 41 198 (71.4) | 57 666 | |
| 30–34 | 8144 (13.5) | 7670 (12.7) | 1236 (2.1) | 43 194 (71.7) | 60 244 | |
| 35–39 | 3447 (12.6) | 3413 (12.5) | 437 (1.6) | 20 070 (73.3) | 27 367 | |
| ≥ 40 | 586 (10.3) | 654 (11.5) | 88 (1.5) | 4382 (76.7) | 5710 | |
| Parity | < 0.001 | |||||
| 0 | 15 881 (13.6) | 13 905 (11.9) | 2673 (2.3) | 84 561 (72.3) | 117 020 | |
| 1 | 2310 (10.8) | 4765 (22.2) | 415 (1.9) | 13 970 (65.1) | 21 460 | |
| 2–3 | 577 (8.6) | 1783 (26.5) | 128 (1.9) | 4253 (63.1) | 6741 | |
| ≥ 4 | 67 (6.0) | 282 (25.1) | 17 (1.5) | 759 (67.5) | 1125 | |
| Missing | 5439 (13.3) | 2790 (6.8) | 779 (1.9) | 31 880 (78.0) | 40 888 | |
| Previous cesarean | < 0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 51 (2.1) | 49 (2.0) | 17 (0.7) | 2297 (95.2) | 2414 | |
| No | 24 223 (13.1) | 23 476 (12.7) | 3995 (2.2) | 133 126 (72.0) | 184 820 | |
| Gestational age, wk | < 0.001 | |||||
| 37–38 | 4007 (14.5) | 4347 (15.7) | 587 (2.1) | 18 675 (67.6) | 27 616 | |
| 39–41 | 20 267 (12.7) | 19 178 (12.0) | 3425 (2.1) | 116 748 (73.1) | 159 618 | |
| Birth weight, g | < 0.001 | |||||
| < 2500 | 208 (8.1) | 354 (13.8) | 26 (1.0) | 1979 (77.1) | 2567 | |
| 2500–2999 | 2671 (14.1) | 3310 (17.3) | 367 (1.9) | 12 641 (66.6) | 18 989 | |
| 3000–3999 | 17 868 (13.8) | 16 927 (13.1) | 3001 (2.3) | 91 849 (70.8) | 129 645 | |
| ≥ 4000 | 3527 (9.8) | 2934 (8.1) | 618 (1.7) | 28 954 (80.4) | 36 033 | |
| Epidural | < 0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 20 924 (15.3) | 16 747 (12.2) | 3159 (2.3) | 95 941 (70.2) | 136 771 | |
| No | 3350 (6.6) | 6778 (13.4) | 853 (1.7) | 39 482 (78.2) | 50 463 | |
| Indication | < 0.001 | |||||
| Dystocia | 10 017 (13.1) | 6401 (8.3) | 1572 (2.1) | 58 765 (76.6) | 76 755 | |
| Fetal distress | 14 257 (12.9) | 17 124 (15.5) | 2440 (2.2) | 76 658 (69.4) | 110 479 | |
| Prolonged 2nd stage of labour | < 0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 7855 (27.2) | 4887 (16.9) | 1147 (4.0) | 15 034 (52.0) | 28 923 | |
| No | 16 419 (10.4) | 18 638 (11.8) | 2865 (1.8) | 120 389 (76.0) | 158 311 | |
| Successful OVD‡ trial (% of all OVD) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Dystocia | 8611 (86.0) | 4849 (75.8) | 1094 (69.6) | – | – | |
| Fetal distress | 12 836 (90.0) | 15 549 (90.8) | 1874 (76.8) | – | – | |