Adjusted rate ratios* of infant hospitalization comparing Inuit versus non-Indigenous infants in Quebec
| Reason for infant hospitalization | Model 1† RR (95% CI) | Model 2‡ RR (95% CI) | Model 3§ RR (95% CI) | Model 4¶ RR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any cause | 1.89 (1.74–2.07) | 1.40 (1.26–1.55) | 1.38 (1.24–1.53) | 1.37 (1.24–1.52) |
| Infections | 1.89 (1.60–2.23) | 1.35 (1.15–1.60) | 1.32 (1.10–1.57) | 1.31 (1.10–1.57) |
| Injuries/accidents | 1.68 (1.24–2.29) | 1.41 (1.00–1.91) | 1.40 (0.96–2.07) | 1.36 (0.86–2.15) |
| Congenital anomalies | 1.48 (1.15–1.90) | 1.42 (1.04–2.03) | 1.41 (1.02–1.94) | 1.40 (1.01–1.95) |
| Perinatal-originated conditions | 1.38 (1.01–1.89) | 1.09 (0.79–1.50) | 0.95 (0.61–1.48) | 0.92 (0.58–1.45) |
| Respiratory system | 2.97 (2.70–3.28) | 1.78 (1.60–1.99) | 1.82 (1.60–2.07) | 1.82 (1.59–2.08) |
| Digestive system | 1.31(1.03–1.68) | 0.91 (0.69–1.20) | 1.03 (0.75–1.40) | 1.01 (0.73–1.39) |
| Nervous system | 1.99 (1.58–2.50) | 1.50 (1.15–1.93) | 1.62 (1.18–2.22) | 1.64 (1.20–2.25) |
| Genitourinary system | 0.87 (0.47–1.62) | 0.72 (0.48–1.08) | 0.66 (0.33–1.32) | 0.61 (0.32–1.16) |
| Musculoskeletal system | – | – | – | – |
| Circulatory system | – | – | – | – |
| Endocrine system | 2.93 (2.43–3.52) | 2.49 (1.49–4.16) | 2.55 (1.52–4.28) | 2.61 (1.50–4.53) |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue | 4.83 (3.23–7.22) | 3.13 (2.01–4.90) | 2.87 (1.59–5.21) | 2.86 (1.57–5.23) |
| Blood | – | – | – | – |
| Mental/neurodevelopmental | – | – | – | – |
| disorders | ||||
| Neoplasms | – | – | - | - |
| Undefined symptoms | 1.90 (1.56–2.30) | 1.27 (1.03–1.58) | 1.36 (1.05–1.75) | 1.36 (1.02–1.80) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, RR = risk ratio, - = unreportable (number of events < 10 for Inuit).
↵* RRs were calculated from log-binomial models accounting for mother-level cluster effects (multiple infants of the same mother).
↵† Model 1: RRs adjusted for mother-level cluster effects only.
↵‡ Model 2: RRs adjusted for maternal characteristics (age, education, marital status, parity, rural residence and Northern residence).
↵§ Model 3: Model 2 further adjusted for maternal chronic illnesses (chronic hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, renal disorders, genitourinary infections).
↵¶ Model 4: Model 3 further adjusted for gestational complications (anemia, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension and preeclampsia).