Table 2:

Conversion ratios for opioids

Opioids^*	To convert to oral morphine equivalent, multiply by:	To convert from oral morphine, multiply by:	50 mg morphine equivalent dose, mg/d	90 mg morphine equivalent dose, mg/d
Codeine	0.1–0.2	6.67	334	600
Hydromorphone	5.0	0.2	10	18
Morphine	1.0	1.0	50	90
Oxycodone	1.5	0.667	33	60
Tapentadol	0.3–0.4	3.33	160	300
Tramadol	0.1–0.2	6.0	300	540^†

↵* Conversion ratios for opioids are subject to variations in kinetics governed by genetics and other drugs.
↵† The maximum recommended daily dose of tramadol is 300 mg to 400 mg, depending on the formulation.
Source: Modified from Nielsen and colleagues.52