Baseline characteristics and prevalence of cardiac risk factors, by LHIN event rate group*
| Characteristic | LHIN event rate group; % of patients† | p value for trend across LHINs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low CVD event rate n = 1 683 104 | Medium CVD event rate n = 3 019 957 | High CVD event rate n = 841 086 | Overall n = 5 544 147 | ||
| No. of LHINs | 3 | 7 | 4 | 14 | NA |
| Baseline characteristics | |||||
| Age as of Jan. 1, 2008, yr, mean ± SD | 54.1 ± 10.4 | 54.8 ± 10.4 | 55.2 ± 10.4 | 54.6 ± 10.4 | NA |
| Female sex | 51.9 | 52.2 | 51.7 | 52.0 | NA |
| Less than secondary school graduation‡ | 13.0 | 16.3 | 19.0 | 15.7 | < 0.001 |
| Ethnicity‡ | |||||
| White | 70.0 | 84.3 | 92.9 | 81.3 | 0.005 |
| South Asian | 6.1 | 4.8 | 0.7 | 4.6 | 0.08 |
| Chinese | 9.0 | 2.7 | 0.8 | 4.3 | 0.003 |
| Black | 3.4 | 2.7 | 0.5 | 2.6 | 0.04 |
| Other | 11.5 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 7.2 | < 0.001 |
| Immigrant ≤ 20 yr in Ontario | 25.0 | 11.1 | 3.3 | 14.1 | < 0.001 |
| Low-income neighbourhood§ | 34.1 | 39.7 | 39.1 | 37.9 | 0.3 |
| Rural or small-town residence¶ | 0.4 | 15.1 | 28.4 | 12.7 | 0.003 |
| Cardiac risk factors | |||||
| Cigarette smoker‡ | 14.9 | 18.1 | 22.2 | 17.7 | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 31.4 | 32.1 | 33.5 | 32.1 | 0.5 |
| Systolic blood pressure,** mmHg | 124.5 | 126.5 | 130.9 | 126.6 | 0.004 |
| Diabetes | 12.5 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.1 | 0.6 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30)‡ | 14.5 | 19.2 | 22.4 | 18.2 | < 0.001 |
| Physically inactive‡ | 48.3 | 46.9 | 46.5 | 47.3 | 0.3 |
| Inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption (<5/d)‡ | 57.9 | 59.1 | 62.4 | 59.2 | 0.002 |
| Total cholesterol,†† mmol/L | 4.82 | 4.83 | 4.89 | 4.83 | 0.9 |
| High-density lipoprotein,†† mmol/L | 1.36 | 1.34 | 1.33 | 1.35 | 0.01 |
| Low-density lipoprotein,†† mmol/L | 2.84 | 2.85 | 2.84 | 2.84 | 0.4 |
| Framingham 10-year CVD risk,** mean % | 11.0 | 12.4 | 13.6 | 12.1 | < 0.001 |
Note: BMI = body mass index, CVD = cardiovascular disease, LHIN = Local Health Integration Network, NA = not applicable, SD = standard deviation.
↵* Values for cardiac risk factors are age- and sex-standardized to the 2006 Ontario census population.
↵† Unless stated otherwise.
↵‡ Estimates are from a study subpopulation of 68 067 individuals linked to the 2005–2012 Canadian Community Health Surveys and 101 117 individuals linked to the 2001–2012 (for education and ethnicity) Canadian Community Health Surveys; they exclude on-reserve Indigenous populations. Estimates are weighted with the use of Statistics Canada survey weights.
↵§ Defined as neighbourhood income quintile 1 or 2, where quintile 1 has the lowest income.
↵¶ Based on Statistics Canada 2006 census population and defined as community size <10 000.
↵** Estimates are from a study subpopulation of individuals linked to the Electronic Medical Record Administrative data Linked Database (EMRALD) (n = 35 790 for baseline systolic blood pressure, n = 64 381 for Framingham risk).
↵†† Estimates are from a study subpopulation of 1 389 072 individuals with results in the Dynacare Medical Laboratories database.