Characteristics of participants and assessment of incident diabetes in the included cohort studies
| Study | No. of participants | % female | Age at baseline, yr, mean ± SD | Length of follow-up, yr, mean ± SD* | Measure of incident diabetes† | No. of diabetes events | Incidence per 10 000 person-years |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open-access data sets | |||||||
| ACL (US) (12) | 1460 | 52.6 | 44.4 ± 13.7 | 12.7 ± 4.2 | QS | 158 | 85.2 |
| BCS (UK) (13) | 6473 | 48.0 | 33.8 ± 1.9 | 4.0 ± 0.2 | QS | 51 | 19.9 |
| BHPS (UK) (14) | 14 584 | 52.4 | 34.1 ± 11.1 | 6.5 ± 4.0 | QS | 256 | 27.6 |
| HILDA (Australia) (15) | 4859 | 47.8 | 41.4 ± 12.6 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | QS | 77 | 39.6 |
| MIDUS (US) (16) | 2797 | 52.2 | 44.8 ± 10.9 | 8.9 ± 0.4 | QS | 173 | 69.4 |
| NCDS (UK) (17) | 7693 | 48.1 | 42.0 ± 0.0 | 8.3 ± 0.4 | QS | 207 | 32.5 |
| WLSG (US) (18) | 4924 | 50.2 | 54.1 ± 0.5 | 11.2 ± 0.3 | QS | 438 | 79.7 |
| WLSS (US) (19) | 1980 | 51.0 | 51.2 ± 6.3 | 11.2 ± 0.4 | QS | 157 | 70.6 |
| IPD-Work data sets | |||||||
| COPSOQ-I (Denmark) (20) | 1694 | 48.2 | 40.7 ± 10.5 | 12.6 ± 2.0 | EMR | 45 | 21.1 |
| COPSOQ-II (Denmark) (21) | 3305 | 52.6 | 42.6 ± 10.2 | 5.9 ± 0.6 | EMR | 21 | 10.7 |
| DWECS (Denmark) (22) | 4941 | 48.9 | 41.4 ± 10.8 | 9.8 ± 1.4 | EMR | 62 | 12.9 |
| FPS (Finland) (23) | 46 051 | 81.0 | 44.5 ± 9.4 | 9.6 ± 1.1 | EMR | 1169 | 26.4 |
| HeSSup (Finland) (24) | 15 434 | 55.7 | 39.2 ± 10.2 | 7.0 ± 0.4 | EMR | 111 | 10.3 |
| IPAW (Denmark) (25) | 1665 | 67.2 | 41.9 ± 10.6 | 12.4 ± 1.8 | EMR | 44 | 21.4 |
| PUMA (Denmark) (26) | 1865 | 82.7 | 42.7 ± 10.3 | 10.9 ± 1.4 | EMR | 27 | 13.3 |
| Still Working (Finland) (27) | 6566 | 20.5 | 40.9 ± 9.2 | 21.1 ± 4.5 | EMR | 521 | 37.7 |
| Whitehall II (UK) (28) | 4361 | 29.4 | 50.3 ± 4.9 | 10.2 ± 2.2 | CE | 306 | 68.6 |
| WOLF-N (Sweden) (29) | 4593 | 16.7 | 43.9 ± 10.3 | 11.6 ± 1.2 | EMR | 48 | 9.0 |
| WOLF-S (Sweden) (30) | 5580 | 43.3 | 41.5 ± 11.0 | 14.5 ± 1.9 | EMR | 83 | 10.3 |
| Overall | 140 825 | 58.1 | 42.2 ± 10.4 | 9.4 ± 4.0 | 3954 | 30.0 | |
Note: CE = clinical examination (oral glucose tolerance test), EMR = electronic medical records, QS = self-reported via repeat questionnaire surveys, SD = standard deviation. See Table 1 for full study names.
↵* Mean follow-up time for studies in the Open Access data sets is calculated from the time until the first report of diabetes or the end of follow-up
↵† Incident diabetes measures.