Table 1:

Cases of tuberculosis detected through preimmigration screening (2008–2011) and postimmigration surveillance (2002–2011), by region

Measure	Region of origin
Measure	USA	Australia and New Zealand	Western Europe	Middle East and North Africa	Pacific Islands	Latin America and Caribbean	Eastern Europe and Central Asia	East Asia	South Asia	Sub-Saharan Africa	Total
Incidence rate^*	5.5	6.9	13.3	27.4	48.0	49.7	104.2	160.8	198.5	292.8	137.0
Preimmigration screening (2008–2011)
No. of preimmigration medicals^†	11 224	1 063	15 612	47 427	79	38 967	22 530	84 498	91 547	21 372	334 319
No. of cases (pulmonary) detected	0	0	0	2	0	1	2	85	61	6	157
No. of preimmigration medicals per case (pulmonary) detected	NA	NA	NA	23 714	NA	38 967	11 265	994	1 501	3 562	2 129
Postimmigration surveillance (2002–2011)
No. of preimmigration medicals^‡	28 501	2 605	35 886	113 093	303	97 646	86 960	236 740	283 016	59 625	944 375
No. of postimmigration surveillance referrals	127	11	317	875	2	998	2 249	10 196	6 256	1 360	22 391
No. of preimmigration medicals per surveillance referral	224.4	236.8	113.2	129.2	151.5	97.8	38.7	23.2	45.2	43.8	42.2
No. of patients who complied with surveillance	91	8	172	490	0	653	1 098	6 315	3 724	836	13 387
No. of cases (all sites) detected within 2 yr of immigration	0	0	0	4	0	11	16	156	214	101	502
No. of cases (all sites) potentially detectable^§ through surveillance	0	0	0	3	0	2	5	67	74	17	168
No. of cases (all sites) actually detected through surveillance	0	0	0	3	0	2	4	46	38	9	102
No. of preimmigration medicals per potentially detectable^§ case	NA	NA	NA	37 698	NA	48 823	17 392	3 533	3 825	3 507	5 621
No. of preimmigration medicals per actually detected case	NA	NA	NA	37 698	NA	48 823	21 740	5 147	7 448	6 625	9 259
No. of postimmigration surveillance referrals per potentially detectable^§ case	NA	NA	NA	291.7	NA	499.0	449.8	152.2	84.5	80.0	133.3
No. of postimmigration surveillance referrals per actually detected case	NA	NA	NA	291.7	NA	499.0	562.3	221.7	164.6	151.1	219.5

Note: NA = undefined values where no cases were detected.
↵* Calculated by weighting the World Health Organization–reported national tuberculosis incidence rate for each birth country in the year of immigration by the corresponding number of immigrants.
↵† Outcome data for preimmigration screening reflect the period between 2008 and 2011 (n = 334 319 medicals given to people who became permanent residents). Given the purpose of preimmigration screening to detect communicable diseases, only pulmonary tuberculosis cases were reported.
↵‡ Outcome data for postimmigration surveillance reflect the period between 2002 and 2011 (n = 944 375 medicals given to people who became permanent residents).
↵§ Potentially detectable tuberculosis was defined as active disease developing at any site within 2 years of immigration among people who were referred to postimmigration surveillance.