Table 3:

Quality assessment of articles using QUADAS-2 (15)

Study	Patient				Index test			Reference standard				Flow and timing

	Random sample	Not case–control	Proper exclusion	Patients meet criteria	Interpret without reference results	Prespecify threshold	Meet review question	Correctly classify	Interpret without index test	Meet review question	Proper interval	Reference standard for all	Same reference standard	All participants analyzed
Studies assessing only diagnostic accuracy of the RUDAS (objective 1)

Storey et al. (10)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

Iype et al. (21)	Unclear	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

Studies assessing diagnostic accuracy of the RUDAS and comparing it with another cognitive assessment tool (objectives 1 and 2)

Rowland et al. (22)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No

Basic et al. (23)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

Goncalves et al. (24)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

Limpawattana et al. (25)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No

Nielsen et al. (26)	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

Juwita et al. (27)	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

Studies only comparing the RUDAS with another cognitive assessment tool (objective 2)

Pang et al. (19)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Unclear	Yes	NA	NA	Yes	NA	NA	NA	Yes

Nielsen et al. (28)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	NA	No	Yes	NA	NA	Yes	NA	NA	NA	Yes

Salari et al. (20)	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Unclear	Yes	NA	NA	Yes	NA	NA	NA	Yes

Note: NA = not applicable, QUADAS-2 - Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies–2.