Cluster RCT |
Eccles et al. (7) |
Audit and feedback Reminders Both
| Guideline dissemination | 243 general practices | All patients with any clinical presentation (no. not reported) | Imaging rate per 1 000 patients |
French et al. (18) | Practitioner education* | Guideline dissemination | 92 general practices | 152 942 (77 716 intervention, 75 226 control) with any clinical presentation | Imaging rate per 1 000 patients |
Dey et al. (19) | Practitioner education* with guidelines on secondary care referral | No intervention | 23 general practices | 2 187 (1 049 intervention, 1 138 control) with acute low-back pain | Imaging rate (%) among patients with low-back pain |
Schectman et al. (20) |
Practitioner education with audit and feedback Patient education Both
| No intervention | 14 general practices | 4 066 (2 020 baseline year, 2 046 study year) with acute low-back pain | Imaging rate (%) among patients with low-back pain |
Kerry et al. (21) | Guideline dissemination with audit and feedback | No intervention | 69 general practices | All patients with any clinical presentation (no. not reported) | No. of imaging referrals |
Interrupted time series |
Matowe et al. (17) | Guideline dissemination | NA | 87 general practices | All patients with any clinical presentation (no. not reported) | No. of imaging referrals |
Baker et al. (24) | Clinical decision support† | NA | Hospital | All patients with any clinical presentation (no. not reported) | No. of imaging referrals |