Adverse neonatal outcomes among small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants in nonimmigrant and immigrant groups according to whether weight classification was defined by Canadian birth-weight curve or by world region–specific birth-weight curves
| Outcome | SGA according to Canadian curve | SGA according to world region–specific curves | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonimmigrants n = 82 257 | Immigrants n = 54 211 | Immigrants v. nonimmigrants | Immigrants n = 33 780 | Immigrants v. nonimmigrants | |||
| No. of events (rate per 1000) | No. of events (rate per 1000) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR* (95% CI) | No. of events (rate per 1000) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR* (95% CI) | |
| Neonatal death | |||||||
| All infants | 653 (7.9) | 366 (6.8) | 0.85 (0.75–0.97) | 0.83 (0.72–0.95) | 343 (10.2) | 1.28 (1.12–1.46) | 1.24 (1.08–1.42) |
| Preterm infants (23–36 wk) | 551 (67.8) | 286 (63.9) | 0.94 (0.81–1.09) | 0.93 (0.80–1.09) | 278 (77.8) | 1.16 (1.00–1.35) | 1.15 (0.99–1.35) |
| Term infants (37–41 wk) | 102 (1.4) | 80 (1.6) | 1.17 (0.87–1.57) | 1.18 (0.87–1.59) | 65 (2.2) | 1.57 (1.15–2.14) | 1.56 (1.13–2.15) |
| Hospital stay ≥ 7 d | 6 762 (82.2) | 3 922 (72.3) | 0.87 (0.83–0.91) | 0.84 (0.80–0.87) | 3 239 (97.4) | 1.18 (1.13–1.24) | 1.13 (1.08–1.18) |
| Admission to NICU | 15 586 (189.5) | 10 874 (200.6) | 1.08 (1.05–1.10) | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | 8 116 (240.3) | 1.35 (1.31–1.40) | 1.29 (1.25–1.33) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 5 010 (60.9) | 2 344 (43.2) | 0.70 (0.66–0.74) | 0.69 (0.65–0.72) | 2 037 (60.3) | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 0.96 (0.91–1.02) |
| Intrauterine hypoxia or birth asphyxia | 827 (10.1) | 394 (7.3) | 0.72 (0.64–0.81) | 0.72 (0.64–0.82) | 293 (8.7) | 0.86 (0.75–0.99) | 0.85 (0.74–0.98) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, NICU = neonatal intensive care unit, OR = odds ratio.
↵* Adjusted for maternal age, parity, income quintile and year of delivery.