Risk of spontaneous abortion following exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: time-varying multivariate Cox regression models
| Exposure | No. of participants | No. of abortions | Median gestational age at exposure, d | Spontaneous abortion hazard ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted* | ||||
| Not exposed | 60 962 | 6 132 | |||
| Nonselective COX inhibitors | 4 424 | 373 | 31 | 1.13 (1.01–1.25) | 1.10 (0.99–1.22) |
| Ibuprofen | 2 732 | 215 | 40 | 1.13 (0.98–1.30) | 1.06 (0.93–1.22) |
| Diclofenac | 919 | 93 | 23 | 1.21 (0.98–1.48) | 1.19 (0.97–1.46) |
| Naproxen | 671 | 53 | 27 | 1.87 (0.66–1.17) | 0.97 (0.74–1.28) |
| Etodolac | 272 | 4 | 20.5 | 1.26 (0.88–1.80) | 1.28 (0.91–1.79) |
| Indomethacin | 132 | 15 | 89 | 3.54 (2.20–5.71) | 2.82 (1.70–4.69) |
| COX-2 selective inhibitors | 71 | 11 | 25 | 1.97 (1.12–3.47) | 1.43 (0.79–2.59) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, COX = cyclooxygenase.
↵* Adjusted for maternal age, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypercoagulation state, uterine disorders, presence of an intrauterine contraceptive device, history of recurrent abortion, in vitro fertilization used to conceive the current pregnancy, inflammatory diseases and ethnic group (Bedouin v. Jewish).