Univariable correlation with serious adverse events for variables from physical examination and investigations for 945 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
| Characteristic* | Status for serious adverse event | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 74) | No (n = 871) | ||
| Vital signs on arrival, mean ± SD | |||
| Temperature, °C (n = 70 and 840) | 36.5 ± 0.85 | 36.6 ± 0.85 | 0.5 |
| Heart rate, per minute (n = 73 and 869) | 96.0 ± 23.1 | 92.8 ± 19.1 | 0.3 |
| Respiratory rate, per minute (n = 74 and 816) | 24.3 ± 5.6 | 23.5 ± 5.9 | 0.2 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg (n = 74 and 863) | 138.5 ± 28.9 | 141.2 ± 25.2 | 0.4 |
| Sao2, % (n = 74 and 868) | 91.3 ± 7.2 | 93.5 ± 5.3 | 0.01 |
| CTAS score (n = 73 and 848) | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 0.02 |
| Laboratory test results, mean ± SD | |||
| Urea, mmol/L (n = 71 and 794) | 9.8 ± 6.5 | 7.3 ± 7.5 | 0.004 |
| Creatinine, mmol/L (n = 71 and 799) | 112.0 ± 100.0 | 96.5 ± 55.9 | 0.2 |
| Serum CO2, mmol/L (n = 70 and 800) | 29.3 ± 9.6 | 27.5 ± 4.0 | 0.1 |
| Glucose, mmol/L (n = 70 and 773) | 8.2 ± 3.9 | 7.1 ± 2.5 | 0.03 |
| Arterial pCO2, mm Hg (n = 23 and 160) | 60.2 ± 26.1 | 43.6 ± 11.1 | 0.01 |
| Arterial pO2, mm Hg (n = 23 and 157) | 91.8 ± 58.4 | 75.3 ± 35.4 | 0.2 |
| Arterial pH (n = 23 and 159) | 7.4 ± 0.2 | 7.4 ± 0.1 | 0.1 |
| NT-proBNP level, ng/L (n = 12 and 95) | 3126.2 ± 5674.1 | 2446.3 ± 5327.6 | 0.7 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L (n = 70 and 812) | 122.8 ± 22.7 | 133.7 ± 17.5 | < 0.001 |
| ECG findings, no. (%) of patients† (n = 67 and 722) | |||
| Atrial fibrillation or flutter | 11 (16.4) | 90 (12.5) | 0.4 |
| Acute ischemia | 5 (7.5) | 14 (1.9) | 0.005 |
| Atrioventricular conduction disturbance | 4 (6.0) | 64 (8.9) | 0.4 |
| Intraventricular conduction disturbance | 15 (22.4) | 141 (19.5) | 0.6 |
| Old infarct | 5 (7.5) | 57 (7.9) | 0.9 |
| QRS duration, mm, mean ± SD (n = 67 and 714) | 100.2 ± 28.9 | 97.9 ± 24.7 | 0.5 |
| Chest radiographic findings, no. (%) of patients (n = 74 and 856) | 74 (100.0) | 841 (98.2) | 0.3 |
| Pulmonary congestion | 19 (25.7) | 78 (9.1) | < 0.001 |
| Pleural effusion | 17 (23.0) | 117 (13.7) | 0.03 |
| Pneumonia | 10 (13.5) | 163 (19.0) | 0.2 |
| Cardiomegaly | 17 (23.0) | 114 (13.3) | 0.02 |
| Too ill to do walk test, no. (%) of patients | 31 (41.9) | 113 (13.0) | < 0.001 |
| Findings on 3-min walk test, mean ± SD | |||
| Baseline heart rate, per minute (n = 43 and 758) | 88.3 ± 15.9 | 89.9 ± 16.5 | 0.6 |
| Baseline Sao2, % (n = 43 and 758) | 93.9 ± 2.9 | 93.5 ± 3.1 | 0.3 |
| Baseline Borg score (n = 41 and 730) | 2.1 ± 1.7 | 2.1 ± 1.9 | 0.8 |
| Highest heart rate, per minute (n = 43 and 749) | 98.7 ± 16.8 | 104.0 ± 17.1 | 0.05 |
| Lowest Sao2, % (n = 43 and 751) | 89.7 ± 4.6 | 89.1 ± 4.8 | 0.4 |
| Borg score at 3 min (n = 40 and 672) | 4.1 ± 1.9 | 3.7 ± 2.3 | 0.4 |
| Heart rate 1 min after walk test, per minute (n = 43 and 737) | 90.9 ± 18.8 | 94.4 ±17.3 | 0.2 |
| Sao2 1 min after walk test, % (n = 43 and 734) | 93.1 ± 3.9 | 92.6 ± 4.0 | 0.5 |
| Change in heart rate from arrival, per minute (n = 43 and 758) | 4.3 ± 11.0 | 2.1 ± 15.8 | 0.2 |
| Change in Sao2 from arrival, percentage points (n = 43 and 757) | 0.2 ± 4.6 | 0.7 ± 4.4 | 0.5 |
| Walk test completed, no. (%) (n = 43 and 758) | 28 (65.1) | 573 (75.6) | 0.1 |
Note: CTAS = Canadian Triage Acuity Scale, ECG = electrocardiogram, NT-proBNP = N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide, pCO2 and pO2 = partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen, Sao2 = arterial oxygen saturation, SD = standard deviation.
↵* Where data were not available for all patients in both groups, n values for both groups are shown parenthetically.
↵† Except where indicated otherwise.