Table 2:

Household device ownership, stratified by country income level and urban or rural residence location*

Device ownershipNo. of households
n = 107 599
No. (%) of participants
High incomeUpper-middle incomeLower-middle incomeLow income
Urban
n = 8 970
Rural
n = 3 343
Urban
n = 17 417
Rural
n = 14 016
Urban
n = 20 900
Rural
n = 19 867
Urban
n = 10 730
Rural
n = 12 356
Television89 785 (83.4)8 725 (97.3)3 269 (97.8)16 220 (93.1)11 795 (84.2)§18 554 (88.8)16 864 (84.9)§8 918 (83.1)5 440 (44.0)§
Car32 430 (30.1)8 034 (89.6)3 212 (96.1)§8 901 (51.1)6 083 (43.4)§3 104 (14.9)1 484 (7.5)§1 332 (12.4)280 (2.3)§
Computer32 627 (30.3)8 101 (90.3)2 916 (89.2)§7 575 (43.5)2 870 (20.5)§8 390 (40.1)1 273 (6.4)§1 369 (12.8)133 (1.1)§
No. of devices
 012 585 (11.7)39 (0.4)6 (0.2)486 (2.8)1 443 (10.3)§1 560 (7.5)2 658 (13.4)§890 (8.3)5 503 (44.5)§
 149 252 (45.8)302 (3.4)54 (1.6)§5 792 (33.3)5 602 (40.0)§10 453 (50.0)14 832 (74.7)§7 080 (66.0)5 137 (41.6)§
 220 422 (19.0)1 182 (13.2)458 (13.7)5 016 (28.8)4 126 (29.4)6 469 (31.0)1 682 (8.5)§1 203 (11.2)286 (2.3)§
 321 582 (20.1)7 398 (82.5)2 809 (84.0)5 624 (32.3)2 298 (16.4)§2 219 (10.6)475 (2.4)§711 (6.6)48 (0.4)§
Percentage of income spent on food, mean ± SD44.1 ± 25.313.8 ± 12.015.9 ± 14.3§36.1 ± 19.847.7 ± 23.2§47.1 ± 21.444.8 ± 23.8§49.7 ± 23.968.1 ± 22.7§
  • Note: SD = standard deviation.

  • * Urban and rural n values indicate total number of households.

  • Car, television, computer.

  • p < 0.05, urban v. rural location.

  • § p < 0.001, urban v. rural location.