Table 1:

Participant demographics, stratified by the number of devices* owned

CharacteristicNo. of participants (%)
No devices
n = 17 798
1 device
n = 71 090
2 devices
n = 29 938
3 devices
n = 30 136
Age, yr, mean ± SD49.4 ± 10.350.4 ± 10.250.8 ± 9.850.9 ± 9.3
Male7 517 (42.2)28 601 (40.2)12 738 (42.5)13 790 (45.8)
Education
 None, primary or unknown11 846 (67.0)35 868 (50.6)10 822 (36.2)5 076 (16.9)
 Secondary, high, higher secondary school4 905 (27.8)28 827 (40.7)12 371 (41.4)10 320 (34.3)
 Trade, college or university924 (5.2)6 198 (8.7)6 700 (22.4)14 723 (48.9)
Country income level
 High50 (0.3)379 (0.5)1 959 (6.5)13 615 (45.2)
 Upper-middle2 337 (13.1)15 230 (21.4)13 444 (44.9)11 113 (36.9)
 Lower-middle6 206 (34.9)37 007 (52.1)11 990 (40.0)3 984 (13.2)
 Low9 205 (51.7)18 474 (26.0)2 545 (8.5)1 424 (4.7)
Percentage of income spent on food, mean ± SD61.6 ± 25.948.7 ± 23.540.5 ± 21.226.3 ± 20.3
  • Note: SD = standard deviation.

  • * Television, car, computer.

  • Unless otherwise indicated.