Comparison of outcomes among 15 adults with type 1 diabetes receiving both interventions
| Outcome | Intervention, median (IQR)* | p value† | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dual-hormone closed-loop delivery | Continuous subcutaenous insulin infusion | ||
| Overall (duration of visit, from 1600 to 0700) | |||
| Plasma glucose level at start of visit, mmol/L | 7.7 (7.4–10.6) | 7.0 (5.2–8.7) | 0.28 |
| Time spent at specific glucose level, % | |||
| Target range‡ | 70.7 (46.1–88.4) | 57.3 (25.2–71.8) | 0.003 |
| < 4.0 mmol/L | 0.0 (0.0–3.0) | 10.2 (0.0–13.0) | 0.01 |
| < 3.3 mmol/L | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 2.8 (0.0–5.9) | 0.006 |
| Above target range | 29.3 (9.4–49.2) | 25.6 (18.0–63.4) | 0.17 |
| Plasma glucose level, mmol/L, mean ± SD | 7.8 ± 1.1 | 7.9 ± 1.9 | 0.74 |
| Plasma glucose level, mmol/L, SD | 2.0 (1.3–2.8) | 2.1 (1.8–2.9) | 0.06 |
| Insulin delivery, U | 19 (15–23) | 19 (15–25) | 0.19 |
| Insulin concentration, mU/L | 25 (23–42) | 30 (18–43) | 0.87 |
| Glucagon concentration, pg/mL | 66 (61–72) | 56 (43–65) | 0.01 |
| Overnight (from 2300 to 0700) | |||
| Time spent at specific glucose level, % | |||
| Target range | 72.0 (32.5–84.2) | 45.8 (29.2–64.6) | 0.07 |
| < 4.0 mmol/L | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–22.5) | 0.02 |
| < 3.3 mmol/L | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–7.7) | 0.01 |
| Above target range | 28.0 (15.8–64.8) | 49.8 (12.5–70.8) | 0.99 |
| Plasma glucose level, mmol/L, mean ± SD | 7.8 ± 1.3 | 7.6 ± 2.3 | 0.63 |
| Plasma glucose level, mmol/L, SD | 1.5 (1.1–2.6) | 1.6 (1.1–2.1) | 0.67 |
| Insulin delivery, U | 14 (10–16) | 14 (9–17) | 0.77 |
| Insulin concentration, mU/L | 24 (19–31) | 25 (15–33) | 0.68 |
| Glucagon concentration, pg/mL | 57 (45–70) | 50 (37–61) | 0.02 |