Association between nutrition, physical activity and sleep disturbance scores*
| Variable | No. (%) | Sleep disturbance score, mean ± SD | No. (%) | Sleep disturbance score, mean ± SD | No. (%) | Sleep disturbance score, mean ± SD | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutrition | No serving | 1 serving/d | >1 serving/d | ||||
| Battered or fried chicken, steak or fish | 2579 (78.1) | 6.6 ± 5.6 | 642 (19.5) | 7.1 ± 5.9 | 80 (2.4) | 8.3 ± 6.9 | 0.001 |
| French fries or chips | 1857 (56.4) | 6.4 ± 5.7 | 1146 (34.8) | 7.1 ± 5.7 | 290 (8.8) | 7.7 ± 6.0 | < 0.001 |
| Soft drinks | 2013 (61.0) | 6.5 ± 5.6 | 916 (27.8) | 6.9 ± 5.8 | 370 (11.2) | 7.2 ± 5.6 | 0.01 |
| Sweet rolls, pies, doughnuts or cookies | 1781 (54.1) | 6.4 ± 5.5 | 1155 (35.1) | 7.0 ± 5.7 | 359 (10.9) | 7.3 ± 6.2 | < 0.001 |
| Snacks | 236 (7.2) | 6.1 ± 5.9 | 942 (28.8) | 6.5 ± 5.6 | 2090 (64.0) | 6.9 ± 5.7 | < 0.001 |
| Caffeinated beverages (combined) | 347 (10.5) | 4.8 ± 4.8 | 2357 (71.5) | 6.6 ± 5.6 | 592 (18.0) | 8.1 ± 6.3 | < 0.001 |
| Coffee, caffeinated tea or espresso | 1881 (56.4) | 5.9 ± 5.2 | 1349 (40.5) | 7.6 ± 6.1 | 179 (5.4) | 9.2 ± 6.6 | < 0.001 |
| Caffeinated soft drinks | 761 (22.9) | 5.9 ± 5.6 | 2380 (71.7) | 6.9 ± 5.6 | 179 (5.4) | 7.7 ± 6.4 | < 0.001 |
| Hot chocolate | 2081 (62.5) | 6.4 ± 5.6 | 1232 (37.0) | 7.3 ± 15.8 | 17 (0.5) | 10.3 ± 7.2 | < 0.001 |
| Physical activity | 0–2 d/wk | 3–4 d/wk | 5–7 d/wk | ||||
| Moderate to vigorous physical activity | 660 (19.9) | 7.4 ± 5.9 | 782 (23.6) | 7.2 ± 5.6 | 1871 (56.5) | 6.3 ± 5.6 | < 0.001 |
| 0–5 h/d | 6–10 h/d | > 10 h/d | |||||
| Screen time | 1797 (56.1) | 6.2 ± 5.4 | 1187 (37.0) | 7.3 ± 5.7 | 222 (6.9) | 7.9 ± 6.3 | < 0.001 |
Note: SD = standard deviation.
↵* Sleep disturbance scores ranged from 0 to 45, with higher scores indicating greater sleep disturbance.