Table 3:

Summary of available recommendations on screening for type 2 diabetes in adults

rganization	Risk assessment	Recommendation	Screening tests
Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care (current)	Use of FINDRISC or validated risk calculator (e.g., CANRISK) to calculate risk of diabetes at least every 3–5 years	Recommend not routinely screening adults at low to moderate risk Recommend routinely screening adults at high risk every 3–5 years Recommend routine screening annually for adults at very high risk	A1C ≥ 6.5%
Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care (2005)48	No recommendation	Evidence insufficient to recommend for or against routine screening of asymptomatic adults Recommend screening adults with hypertension and hyperlipidemia	Fasting plasma glucose
Canadian Diabetes Association4	Annual assessment on the basis of demographic and clinical history	Recommend routine screening every 3 years for adults starting at age 40 years Recommend earlier screening or more frequent screening, or both, among people with additional risk factors for diabetes	Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L Casual plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L + symptoms of diabetes 2-h plasma glucose in 75-g OGTT ≥ 11.1 mmol/L A1C ≥ 6.5%
American Diabetes Association49	Measurement of BMI and ≥ 1 additional risk factor for diabetes	Recommend routine screening every 3 years for adults starting at age 45 years Recommend routine screening every 3 years for adults who are overweight or obese and have 1 or more additional risk factor for diabetes	A1C ≥ 6.5% Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L 2-h plasma glucose in 75-g OGTT ≥ 11.1 mmol/L
US Preventive Services Task Force50	Blood pressure measurement	Evidence insufficient to recommend screening for asymptomatic adults with blood pressure of 135/80 mm Hg or lower Recommend screening every 3 years for asymptomatic adults with sustained blood pressure (either treated or untreated) greater than 135/80 mm Hg	(Same as for American Diabetes Association)
UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence51	Use of validated risk assessment tool or self-assessment questionnaire, or both; risk reassessed at least every 5 years if at low risk, at least every 3 years if at moderate risk, and at least every year if at high risk	For adults at moderate to high risk or with possible diabetes, recommend blood test to confirm level of risk; choose either fasting plasma glucose or A1C	Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L A1C ≥ 6.5%

Note: A1C = hemoglobin A_1C, BMI = body mass index, CANRISK = Canadian Diabetes Risk Assessment Questionnaire, FINDRISC = Finnish Diabetes Risk Score, OGTT = oral glucose tolerance test.