Table 4:

Temporal trends in crude and risk-adjusted mortality and readmission rates, per 100 patients

Variable	1997	1999	2001	2003	2005	2007	% change, 1997–2007	p value
Overall mortality rates, %	n = 39 869	n = 41 380	n = 40 795	n = 36 480	n = 35 701	n = 34 545
30-day mortality rate
Crude	10.6	10.8	10.4	10.4	10.3	10.2	−3.5	0.010
Risk-adjusted	11.2	10.8	9.9	10.2	10.3	10.3	−7.3	0.040
1-year mortality rate
Crude	25.9	25.6	25.1	25.8	25.1	25.2	−2.7	0.18
Risk-adjusted	27.0	25.8	24.3	25.5	24.9	25.2	−6.7	0.030
Inpatient mortality rates,^* %	n = 20 039	n = 21 418	n = 22 000	n = 18 920	n = 17 906	n = 17 262
30-day mortality rate
Crude	16.5	16.7	15.7	16.1	16.6	16.3	−1.2	0.54
Risk-adjusted	17.3	16.7	15.2	15.9	16.4	16.3	−5.8	0.16
1-year mortality rate
Crude	34.1	34.3	32.5	33.6	34.3	34.6	1.3	0.39
Risk-adjusted	35.7	34.4	32.0	33.4	33.7	33.8	−5.3	0.13
Outpatient mortality rates,^* %	n = 19 830	n = 19 962	n = 18 795	n = 17 560	n = 17 795	n = 17 283
30-day mortality rate
Crude	4.6	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.0	4.1	−10.5	0.020
Risk-adjusted	4.7	4.5	4.2	4.2	4.0	4.2	−9.6	0.010
1-year mortality rate
Crude	17.6	16.2	16.3	17.4	15.9	15.8	−10.0	0.10
Risk-adjusted	17.7	16.5	16.1	17.0	15.9	16.2	−8.3	0.020
Readmission for heart failure,^† %	n = 16 777	n = 17 848	n = 18 585	n = 15 917	n = 15 038	n = 14 462
30-day readmission rate
Crude	4.2	3.5	3.1	3.5	3.3	3.6	−14.5	0.11
Risk-adjusted	4.3	3.5	3.1	3.5	3.2	3.5	−19.2	0.040
1-year readmission rate
Crude	13.2	11.2	10.2	11.0	10.7	10.8	−18.2	0.040
Risk-adjusted	13.4	11.3	10.1	11.0	10.6	10.5	−21.4	0.020
Readmission for any reason,^† %	n = 16 777	n = 17 848	n = 18 585	n = 15 917	n = 15 038	n = 14 462
30-day readmission rate
Crude	17.1	16.2	15.8	15.6	15.8	15.9	−7.4	0.009
Risk-adjusted	17.5	16.2	15.4	15.6	15.8	15.9	−8.9	0.030
1-year readmission rate
Crude	48.5	47.7	46.4	46.4	45.4	45.5	−6.0	< 0.001
Risk-adjusted	49.0	47.4	45.6	46.6	45.6	45.6	−6.8	0.001

↵* Mortality rates among patients with incident heart failure identified in an inpatient or outpatient setting.
↵† Determined for patients whose heart failure was first diagnosed in the hospital who survived to discharge.