Comparison of the areas under the curves between the CDC and WHO BMI percentiles to predict cardiometabolic risk
| Risk factor | Area under the curve | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9-year-olds n = 779 | 13-year-olds n = 816 | 16-year-olds n = 871 | |||||||
| CDC | WHO | p value* | CDC | WHO | p value* | CDC | WHO | p value* | |
| Total cholesterol ≥ 4.4 mmol/L | |||||||||
| Boys | 0.58 | 0.58 | 0.3 | 0.53 | 0.54 | 0.3 | 0.62 | 0.62 | 1.0 |
| Girls | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.3 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.3 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.3 |
| HDL cholesterol < 1.0 mmol/L | |||||||||
| Boys | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.7 | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.3 | 0.58 | 0.58 | 1.0 |
| Girls | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.6 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.05 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.3 |
| LDL cholesterol ≥ 2.6 mmol/L | |||||||||
| Boys | 0.59 | 0.59 | 1.0 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.3 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.3 |
| Girls | 0.55 | 0.55 | 1.0 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 1.0 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 1.0 |
| Triglycerides ≥ 1.7 mmol/L | |||||||||
| Boys | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.7 | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.05 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.3 |
| Girls | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.3 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.6 | 0.55 | 0.54 | 0.05 |
| Systolic blood pressure† | n = 772 | n = 811 | n = 870 | ||||||
| Boys | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.3 | 0.63 | 0.63 | 0.05 | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.3 |
| Girls | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.3 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 1.0 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.3 |
| Diastolic blood pressure†‡ | |||||||||
| Boys | 0.71 | 0.72 | 0.1 | — | — | — | 0.52 | 0.52 | 1 |
| Girls | — | — | — | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.7 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.1 |
| Insulin§ | n = 706 | n = 723 | n = 812 | ||||||
| Boys | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.3 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.3 | 0.75 | 0.74 | 0.3 |
| Girls | 0.77 | 0.77 | 1.0 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 1.0 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.3 |
| Glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/L | n = 779 | n = 816 | n = 871 | ||||||
| Boys | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.6 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.3 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 1.0 |
| Girls | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.1 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.3 | 0.56 | 0.56 | 1.0 |
| Cardiometabolic abnormalities¶ | |||||||||
| 1 | |||||||||
| Boys | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.3 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 1.0 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 1.0 |
| Girls | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.3 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 1.0 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 1.0 |
| 2 | |||||||||
| Boys | 0.67 | 0.66 | 0.6 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.3 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 1.0 |
| Girls | 0.66 | 0.66 | 1.0 | 0.56 | 0.56 | 1.0 | 0.62 | 0.62 | 1.0 |
| ≥ 3 | |||||||||
| Boys | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.8 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.6 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.3 |
| Girls | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.3 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.3 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.3 |
Note: BMI = body mass index, CDC = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HDL = high-density lipoprotein, LDL = low-density lipoprotein, WHO = World Health Organization.
↵* Reported p values are for the differences in the discriminative ability between the CDC and WHO growth curves using a continuity correction to account for the nonindependence of the observations.
↵† Unfavourable blood pressure ≥ 90th percentile for age, height and sex as defined by the National High Blood Pressure Education Program.
↵‡ There were too few cases of unfavourable diastolic blood pressure (≥ 90th percentile) for 9-year-old girls and 13-year-old boys to calculate areas under the curve.
↵§ Insulin ≥ 38 pmol/L (9-year-olds) or ≥ 60 pmol/L (13- and 16-year-olds).
↵¶ Versus no abnormalities. Missing values were assumed to be normal.