Adjusted odds ratios of diabetes target achievement*
| Outcome | Adjusted OR (95% CI)† | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Period effect‡ | |
| HbA1c ≤ 7.0 | |||
| < 40 yr | 0.60 (0.52–0.70)f | 1.03 (0.89–1.18)b | 1.27 (1.10–1.46) |
| 40–64 yr | 0.79 (0.75–0.84)e | 0.97 (0.91–1.02)d | 1.24 (1.18–1.30) |
| 65–79 yr | Ref. c | 1.21 (1.16–1.27)a | 1.21 (1.15–1.27) |
| Blood pressure ≤ 130/80 mm Hg | |||
| < 40 yr | 1.14 (0.98–1.31)b | 1.69 (1.47–1.93)a | 0.64 (0.55–0.73) |
| 40–64 yr | 0.85 (0.80–0.89)f | 1.08 (1.03–1.15)c | 0.81 (0.78–0.84) |
| 65–79 yr | Ref.d | 0.97 (0.93–1.01)e | 0.83 (0.79–0.86) |
| LDL-C ≤ 2.00 mmol/L | |||
| < 40 yr | 0.32 (0.28–0.37)e | 0.25 (0.22–0.29)f | 0.92 (0.79–1.07) |
| 40–64 yr | 0.57 (0.54–0.60)c | 0.35 (0.33–0.37)d | 1.00 (0.96–1.05) |
| 65–79 yr | Ref.a | 0.59 (0.56–0.62)b | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) |
| All 3 clinical targets | |||
| < 40 yr | 0.36 (0.28–0.46)f | 0.51 (0.40–0.64)e | 1.00 (0.77–1.29) |
| 40–64 yr | 0.59 (0.55–0.64)c | 0.50 (0.46–0.54)d | 1.06 (0.99–1.12) |
| 65–79 yr | Ref.a | 0.78 (0.74–0.83)b | 0.98 (0.93–1.03) |
| Statin use | |||
| < 40 yr | 0.32 (0.26–0.39)e | 0.14 (0.11–0.17)f | 0.60 (0.48–0.74) |
| 40–64 yr | 0.78 (0.74–0.83)c | 0.53 (0.51–0.56)d | 0.89 (0.86–0.93) |
| 65–79 yr | Ref.a | 0.85 (0.82–0.89)b | 0.86 (0.83–0.90) |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB use | |||
| < 40 yr | 0.46 (0.39–0.55)e | 0.23 (0.19–0.27)f | 0.66 (0.55–0.80) |
| 40–64 yr | 0.84 (0.80–0.88)c | 0.64 (0.61–0.68)d | 0.89 (0.85–0.92) |
| 65–79 yr | Ref.a | 0.94 (0.90–0.99)b | 0.87 (0.84–0.91) |
Note: ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme, ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker, CI = confidence interval, HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin, LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, OR = odds ratio, Ref. = reference group.
↵* Adjusted ORs of diabetes target achievement, using men aged 65–79 years as the reference group, from logistic regression of 2015 and 2020 data (since the sex × age interaction term was clinically and statistically significant, we reported ORs for sex and age groups separately, relative to men age 65–79 yr as the reference group). The period effect (comparing 2020 against 2015 as the reference period) is estimated separately for each age stratum, since the period by age interaction effects were also clinically and statistically significant. Odds ratios for adjustment covariates, listed above, are not shown. Demographic subgroups by target achievement are indicated with superscript letters from a (best target achievement) through f (worst target achievement).
↵† Adjusted for coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, documented hypoglycemia and stage of chronic kidney disease, in addition to age and sex.
↵‡ A value > 1 indicates that the target was more likely to be met in 2020.