Characteristic | No. (%) of patients* n = 44 930 | No. (%) of men* | No. (%) of women* | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 40 yr n = 734 | 40–64 yr n = 11 174 | 65–79 yr n = 11 614 | < 40 yr n = 1069 | 40–64 yr n = 10 387 | 65–79 yr n = 9952 | ||
Province | |||||||
Alberta | 9723 (21.6) | 129 (17.6) | 2548 (22.8) | 2604 (22.4) | 241 (22.5) | 2251 (21.7) | 1950 (19.6) |
Manitoba | 6482 (14.4) | 152 (20.7) | 1763 (15.8) | 1666 (14.3) | 201 (18.8) | 1462 (14.1) | 1238 (12.4) |
Ontario | 27 687 (62) | 440 (59.9) | 6618 (59.2) | 7065 (60.8) | 603 (56.4) | 6422 (61.8) | 6539 (65.7) |
Quebec | 816 (1.8) | 8 (1.1) | 191 (1.7) | 232 (2.0) | 21 (2.0) | 190 (1.8) | 174 (1.7) |
Newfoundland and Labrador | 222 (0.5) | 5 (0.7) | 54 (0.5) | 47 (0.4) | 3 (0.3) | 62 (0.6) | 51 (0.5) |
Age, yr, mean ± SD | 62.3 ± 11.2 | 33.6 ± 5.1 | 55.8 ± 6.3 | 71.4 ± 4.1 | 32.9 ± 5.3 | 55.3 ± 6.5 | 71.5 ± 4.2 |
Diabetes duration, yr, mean ± SD | 6.5 ± 5.3 | 4.6 ± 3.6 | 5.9 ± 4.6 | 7.1 ± 6.4 | 4.5 ± 3.2 | 6.0 ± 4.3 | 7.2 ± 5.5 |
Current smoker | 1807 (20.1) | 28 (20.7) | 568 (25.9) | 374 (15.9) | 52 (24.0) | 500 (23.9) | 285 (14.1) |
BMI, mean ± SD | 32.3 ± 7.1 | 33.8 ± 8.5 | 32.4 ± 6.7 | 30.8 ± 5.7 | 35.6 ± 8.9 | 33.7 ± 7.8 | 31.8 ± 7.2 |
Comorbidities | |||||||
CAD | 5613 (12.5) | 6 (0.8) | 1300 (11.6) | 2683 (23.1) | 7 (0.7) | 496 (4.8) | 1121 (11.3) |
CHF | 2223 (4.9) | 2 (0.3) | 392 (3.5) | 884 (7.6) | 11 (1.0) | 273 (2.6) | 661 (6.6) |
Stroke | 1565 (3.5) | 2 (0.3) | 278 (2.5) | 570 (4.9) | 18 (1.7) | 286 (2.8) | 411 (4.1) |
PAD | 161 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 32 (0.3) | 78 (0.7) | 1 (0.1) | 18 (0.2) | 32 (0.3) |
Complications | |||||||
Neuropathy | 1395 (3.1) | 6 (0.8) | 316 (2.8) | 339 (2.9) | 22 (2.1) | 383 (3.7) | 329 (3.3) |
Retinopathy | 1139 (2.5) | 12 (1.6) | 167 (1.5) | 384 (3.3) | 10 (0.9) | 180 (1.7) | 386 (3.9) |
Hypoglycemia | 233 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 66 (0.6) | 63 (0.5) | 2 (0.2) | 67 (0.6) | 35 (0.4) |
eGFR, mean ± SD | 83.2 ± 39.1 | 113.0 ± 48.7 | 90.3 ± 35.8 | 74.8 ± 43.6 | 108.3 ± 29.6 | 90.3 ± 33.8 | 72.6 ± 36.5 |
Proteinuria | |||||||
None (UACR < 3 mg/mmol) | 19 449 (68.3) | 313 (71.8) | 5008 (69.4) | 4972 (62.4) | 372 (69.9) | 4475 (74.3) | 4309 (68.5) |
Moderate (UACR 3–30 mg/mmol) | 7226 (25.4) | 103 (23.6) | 1759 (24.4) | 2333 (29.3) | 132 (24.8) | 1255 (20.8) | 1644 (26.1) |
Severe (UACR 31–220 mg/mmol) | 1497 (5.3) | 15 (3.4) | 379 (5.3) | 562 (7.1) | 22 (4.1) | 250 (4.2) | 269 (4.3) |
Nephrotic (UACR > 220 mg/mmol) | 284 (1.0) | 5 (1.1) | 72 (1.0) | 95 (1.2) | 6 (1.1) | 41 (0.7) | 65 (1.0) |
Medications | |||||||
Antihyperglycemic agent | |||||||
None | 19 547 (43.5) | 338 (46.0) | 4492 (40.2) | 4846 (41.7) | 604 (56.5) | 4717 (45.4) | 4550 (45.7) |
Oral only | 20 523 (45.6) | 292 (39.8) | 5457 (48.8) | 5447 (46.9) | 346 (32.4) | 4634 (44.6) | 4347 (43.7) |
Any insulin | 4860 (10.8) | 104 (14.2) | 1225 (11.0) | 1321 (11.4) | 119 (11.1) | 1036 (10.0) | 1055 (10.6) |
GLP-1RA | 2396 (5.3) | 25 (3.4) | 634 (5.7) | 492 (4.2) | 65 (6.1) | 773 (7.4) | 407 (4.1) |
SGLT2 inhibitor | 6757 (15.0) | 79 (10.8) | 2087 (18.7) | 1912 (16.5) | 86 (8.0) | 1482 (14.3) | 1111 (11.2) |
Metformin | 20 073 (44.7) | 278 (37.9) | 5475 (49.0) | 5459 (47.0) | 338 (31.6) | 4350 (41.9) | 4173 (41.9) |
Sulfonylurea | 5566 (12.4) | 61 (8.3) | 1443 (12.9) | 1711 (14.7) | 59 (5.5) | 1098 (10.6) | 1194 (12.0) |
AGI | 34 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (0.1) | 6 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (0.0) | 12 (0.1) |
Thiazolidinedione | 62 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 19 (0.2) | 18 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 12 (0.1) | 12 (0.1) |
DPP4i | 8016 (17.8) | 73 (9.9) | 2091 (18.7) | 2342 (20.2) | 76 (7.1) | 1636 (15.8) | 1798 (18.1) |
Meglitinide | 256 (0.6) | 1 (0.1) | 60 (0.5) | 92 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 38 (0.4) | 65 (0.7) |
Insulin | |||||||
Basal only | 2699 (6.0) | 39 (5.3) | 721 (6.5) | 772 (6.6) | 49 (4.6) | 573 (5.5) | 545 (5.5) |
Prandial (any) | 2161 (4.8) | 65 (8.9) | 504 (4.5) | 549 (4.7) | 70 (6.5) | 463 (4.5) | 510 (5.1) |
Diabetes clinical parameters, mean ± SD | |||||||
HbA1c, % | 7.1 ± 1.4 | 7.4 ± 1.9 | 7.2 ± 1.5 | 7.0 ± 1.2 | 6.9 ± 1.8 | 7.1 ± 1.5 | 6.9 ± 1.2 |
LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 2.1 ± 0.9 | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 2.4 ± 1.0 | 2.1 ± 0.9 |
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 130.6 ± 15.7 | 127.4 ± 13.6 | 130.5 ± 15.2 | 131.7 ± 15.9 | 123.6 ± 14.4 | 128.8 ± 15.3 | 132.4 ± 16.1 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 77.0 ± 9.6 | 81.2 ± 9.2 | 80.0 ± 9.1 | 74.8 ± 9.4 | 79.7 ± 9.6 | 78.3 ± 9.3 | 74.0 ± 9.4 |
Note: AGI = α-glucosidase inhibitor, BMI = body mass index, CAD = coronary artery disease, CHF = congestive heart failure, DPP4i = dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate, GLP-1RA = glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin, LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, PAD = peripheral arterial disease, SD = standard deviation, SGLT2 = sodium-glucose cotransporter-2, UACR = urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio.
↵* Unless indicated otherwise.