Sociodemographic characteristics and clinical comorbidities among residents of retirement homes, residents of long-term care homes, recipients of home care and community-dwelling older adults in Ontario in 2018
| Characteristic or comorbidity | No. (%)* of older adults n = 2 409 158 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residing in retirement homes n = 54 773 | Residing in long-term care homes n = 96 528 | Receiving home care n = 290 245 | Community dwelling n = 1 967 612 | |
| Demographic characteristic | ||||
| Age, yr; mean ± SD | 86.7 ± 7.21 | 85.3 ± 8.22 | 79.3 ± 8.41 | 73.8 ± 6.68 |
| Sex, female | 37 768 (69.0) | 66 097 (68.5) | 163 216 (56.2) | 1 046 805 (53.2) |
| Clinical comorbidity | ||||
| Asthma | 8334 (15.2) | 13 903 (14.4) | 52 169 (18.0) | 250 749 (12.7) |
| Cancer | 14 557 (26.6) | 19 578 (20.3) | 93 550 (32.2) | 316 863 (16.1) |
| Cardiac arrhythmias | 19 723 (36.0) | 28 585 (29.6) | 90 111 (31.0) | 320 234 (16.3) |
| Chronic coronary disease | 23 210 (42.4) | 39 091 (40.5) | 119 603 (41.2) | 494 772 (25.1) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 17 486 (31.9) | 31 033 (32.1) | 97 929 (33.7) | 370 765 (18.8) |
| Congestive heart failure | 16 063 (29.3) | 25 119 (26.0) | 73 498 (25.3) | 130 132 (6.6) |
| Dementia | 20 651 (37.7) | 76 485 (79.2) | 52 952 (18.2) | 51 372 (2.6) |
| Diabetes | 17 097 (31.2) | 36 513 (37.8) | 119 516 (41.2) | 566 716 (28.8) |
| Hypertension | 47 212 (86.2) | 80 882 (83.8) | 240 470 (82.9) | 1 317 840 (67.0) |
| Mood disorders | 35 000 (63.9) | 66 365 (68.8) | 168 785 (58.2) | 951 562 (48.4) |
| Myocardial infarction | 6542 (11.9) | 10 554 (10.9) | 35 141 (12.1) | 116 275 (5.9) |
| Osteoarthritis | 36 978 (67.5) | 65 335 (67.7) | 169 423 (58.4) | 794 611 (40.4) |
| Osteoporosis | 8334 (15.2) | 13 903 (14.4) | 49 938 (16.9) | 261 113 (13.3) |
| Other mental health | 16 097 (29.4) | 34 350 (35.6) | 94 282 (32.5) | 475 043 (24.1) |
| Renal disease | 8236 (15.0) | 13 487 (14.0) | 50 374 (17.4) | 118 137 (6.0) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 2091 (3.8) | 3261 (3.4) | 12 639 (4.4) | 46 713 (2.4) |
| Stroke | 11 796 (21.5) | 26 781 (27.7) | 51 683 (17.8) | 109 713 (5.6) |
| Population grouper health condition count,† median (IQR) | 7 (4 to 11) | 5 (2 to 9) | 7 (4 to 10) | 4 (2 to 7) |
| Population grouper prospective resource intensity weight,‡ mean ± SD | 4.89 ± 4.16 | 5.37 ± 4.16 | 4.91 ± 4.35 | 1.89 ± 2.10 |
| Community characteristic | ||||
| Urban location | 50 650 (92.5) | 83 171 (86.2) | 253 336 (87.3) | 1 712 634 (87.0) |
| Neighbourhood income quintile | ||||
| 1 (least) | 13 037 (23.8) | 28 683 (29.7) | 72 124 (24.9) | 370 961 (18.9) |
| 2 | 12 685 (23.2) | 21 047 (21.8) | 64 141 (22.1) | 405 261 (20.6) |
| 3 | 10 405 (19.0) | 16 892 (17.5) | 56 242 (19.4) | 396 048 (20.1) |
| 4 | 10 409 (19.0) | 15 936 (16.5) | 48 907 (16.9) | 378 654 (19.2) |
| 5 (highest) | 7639 (13.9) | 13 291 (13.8) | 48 093 (16.6) | 412 074 (20.9) |
| Missing | 598 (1.1) | 679 (0.7) | 728 (0.3) | 4614 (0.2) |
| Ontario Marginalization Index Summary Score,§ median (IQR) | 3 (3 to 4) | 4 (3 to 4) | 3 (3 to 4) | 3 (3 to 4) |
Note: IQR = interquartile range, SD = standard deviation.
↵* Unless specified otherwise.
↵† Canadian Institute for Health Information Population Grouper health profile category is derived at ICES using linked, individual-level data from the Discharge Abstract Database, Same Day Surgery Database, National Ambulatory Care Reporting System and Ontario Health Insurance Plan Database. The current release does not include the Continuing Care Reporting System. The health condition count identifies the presence (count) of 226 clinically similar health conditions.
↵‡ Also derived from the Canadian Institute for Health Information Population Grouper, the population grouper prospective resource intensity weight is a relative risk score calculated by dividing a person’s predicted cost by the overall population average. It represents the expected relative utilization of health care resources.
↵§ The Ontario Marginalization Index encompasses 4 domains: residential instability, material deprivation, dependency and ethnic concentration. The summary score reflects the overall marginalization based on the sum of the 4 domains divided by 4. A score of 1 indicates low marginalization and a score of 5 indicates high marginalization.