PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Edoardo G. Giannini
AU  - Roberto Testa
AU  - Vincenzo Savarino
TI  - Liver enzyme alteration: a guide for clinicians
AID  - 10.1503/cmaj.1040752
DP  - 2005 Feb 01
TA  - Canadian Medical Association Journal
PG  - 367--379
VI  - 172
IP  - 3
4099  - http://www.cmaj.ca/content/172/3/367.short
4100  - http://www.cmaj.ca/content/172/3/367.full
SO  - CMAJ2005 Feb 01; 172
AB  - ISOLATED ALTERATIONS OF BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF LIVER DAMAGE in a seemingly healthy patient can present a challenge for the clinician. In this review we provide a guide to interpreting alterations to liver enzyme levels. The functional anatomy of the liver and pathophysiology of liver enzyme alteration are briefly reviewed. Using a schematic approach that classifies enzyme alterations as predominantly hepatocellular or predominantly cholestatic, we review abnormal enzymatic activity within the 2 subgroups, the most common causes of enzyme alteration and suggested initial investigations.