RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Relation of total sugars, fructose and sucrose with incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies JF Canadian Medical Association Journal JO CMAJ FD Canadian Medical Association SP E711 OP E720 DO 10.1503/cmaj.160706 VO 189 IS 20 A1 Christine S. Tsilas A1 Russell J. de Souza A1 Sonia Blanco Mejia A1 Arash Mirrahimi A1 Adrian I. Cozma A1 Viranda H. Jayalath A1 Vanessa Ha A1 Reem Tawfik A1 Marco Di Buono A1 Alexandra L. Jenkins A1 Lawrence A. Leiter A1 Thomas M.S. Wolever A1 Joseph Beyene A1 Tauseef Khan A1 Cyril W.C. Kendall A1 David J.A. Jenkins A1 John L. Sievenpiper YR 2017 UL http://www.cmaj.ca/content/189/20/E711.abstract AB BACKGROUND: Sugar-sweetened beverages are associated with type 2 diabetes. To assess whether this association holds for the fructose-containing sugars they contain, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library (through June 2016). We included prospective cohort studies that assessed the relation of fructose-containing sugars with incident type 2 diabetes. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data and assessed risk of bias. We pooled risk ratios (RRs) using random effects meta-analyses. The overall quality of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system.RESULTS: Fiffeen prospective cohort studies (251 261 unique participants, 16 416 cases) met the eligibility criteria, comparing the highest intake (median 137, 35.2 and 78 g/d) with the lowest intake (median 65, 9.7 and 25.8 g/d) of total sugars, fructose and sucrose, respectively. Although there was no association of total sugars (RR 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76–1.09) or fructose (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.84–1.29) with type 2 diabetes, sucrose was associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.80–0.98). Our confidence in the estimates was limited by evidence of serious inconsistency between studies for total sugars and fructose, and serious imprecision in the pooled estimates for all 3 sugar categories.INTERPRETATION: Current evidence does not allow us to conclude that fructose-containing sugars independent of food form are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Further research is likely to affect our estimates.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, no. NCT01608620