PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - John W. Sellors
AU  - James B. Mahony
AU  - Janusz Kaczorowski
AU  - Alice Lytwyn
AU  - Helen Bangura
AU  - Sylvia Chong
AU  - Attila Lorincz
AU  - Dawn M. Dalby
AU  - Vladan Janjusevic
AU  - Jana L Keller
AU  - The Survey of HPV in Ontario Women (SHOW) Group
TI  - Prevalence and predictors of human papillomavirus infection in women in Ontario, Canada
DP  - 2000 Sep 05
TA  - Canadian Medical Association Journal
PG  - 503--508
VI  - 163
IP  - 5
4099  - http://www.cmaj.ca/content/163/5/503.short
4100  - http://www.cmaj.ca/content/163/5/503.full
SO  - CMAJ2000 Sep 05; 163
AB  - Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is thought to be the primary cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. We determined the age-specific prevalence of HPV infection and its risk factors in Ontario women. Methods: We obtained 2 cervical specimens from randomly selected women (in 5-year age categories, from 15 to 49 years) who were being seen in 32 family practices for cytologic screening. The specimens were tested for carcinogenic HPV by the hybrid capture II assay (Digene Corp., Silver Spring, Md.) and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyping. Results: Of 1004 women eligible to participate, samples were obtained from 955 (95.1%). The prevalence of HPV (as determined by the hybrid capture II method) was highest, at 24.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 16.5% to 31.5%), among women 20 to 24 years of age and was progressively lower in older age groups, reaching 3.4% (95% CI 0.1% to 6.7%) in women 45 to 49 years old. The prevalence of HPV (any type) as determined by PCR showed a similar pattern but was significantly higher (p = 0.01) among women 45 to 49 years old than among those 40 to 44 years old (13.0% [95% CI 6.4% to 19.6%] v. 3.3% [95% CI 0.1% to 6.5%]). Risk factors for positivity with the hybrid capture II method were never-married status, divorced or separated status, more than 3 lifetime partners, more than 1 partner in the preceding year, cigarette smoking and current use of oral contraceptives. The presence of squamous intraepithelial lesions on cytologic examination was strongly associated with positivity with the hybrid capture II assay (odds ratio 96.0, 95% CI 22.3 to 413.4; p < 0.01). Interpretation: The highest prevalence of HPV was 24.0%, in women 20 to 24 years old. Risk factors supported a sexual mode of transmission, and there was a strong association between HPV and abnormal cervical cytologic result