@article {Loeb1133, author = {Mark Loeb and Allison McGeer and Margaret McArthur and Rosanna W. Peeling and Martin Petric and Andrew E. Simor}, title = {Surveillance for outbreaks of respiratory tract infections in nursing homes}, volume = {162}, number = {8}, pages = {1133--1137}, year = {2000}, publisher = {CMAJ}, abstract = {Background: Outbreaks of respiratory tract infections are common in long-term care facilities for older people. The objective of our study was to determine both the frequency of such outbreaks and their clinical and epidemiological features. Methods: Prospective surveillance for outbreaks of respiratory tract infections and a retrospective audit of surveillance records were conducted in 5 nursing homes in metropolitan Toronto over 3 years. The clinical manifestations of infected residents were identified and microbiological investigations for causal agents were conducted. Results: Sixteen outbreaks, involving 480 of 1313 residents, were identified prospectively during 1 144 208 resident-days of surveillance, for an overall rate of 0.42 infections per 1000 resident-days. Another 30 outbreaks, involving 388 residents, were identified retrospectively. Outbreaks occurred year-round, with no seasonal pattern. Pathogens included influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, Legionella sainthelensi and Chlamydia pneumoniae. Multiple pathogens were detected in 38\% (6/16) of the prospectively identified outbreaks. Of the 480 residents in the prospectively identified outbreaks 398 (83\%) had a cough, 194 (40\%) had fever and 215 (45\%) had coryza. Clinical findings were nonspecific and could not be used to distinguish between causal agents. Pneumonia developed in 72 (15\%) of the 480 residents, and 58 (12\%) required transfer to hospital. The case-fatality rate was 8\% (37/480). Interpretation: Our findings emphasize the importance of adequate surveillance for outbreaks of respiratory tract infections in nursing homes and of early diagnosis so that appropriate interventions can be promptly instituted.}, issn = {0820-3946}, URL = {https://www.cmaj.ca/content/162/8/1133}, eprint = {https://www.cmaj.ca/content/162/8/1133.full.pdf}, journal = {CMAJ} }