PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - John W.R. McIntyre
AU  - C. Stuart Houston
TI  - Smallpox and its control in Canada
DP  - 1999 Dec 14
TA  - Canadian Medical Association Journal
PG  - 1543--1547
VI  - 161
IP  - 12
4099  - http://www.cmaj.ca/content/161/12/1543.short
4100  - http://www.cmaj.ca/content/161/12/1543.full
SO  - CMAJ1999 Dec 14; 161
AB  - Edward Jenner's first treatise in 1798 described how he used cowpox material to provide immunity to the related smallpox virus. He sent this treatise and some cowpox material to his classmate John Clinch in Trinity, Nfld., who gave the first smallpox vaccinations in North America. Dissemination of the new technique, despite violent criticism, was rapid throughout Europe and the United States. Within a few years of its discovery, vaccination was instrumental in controlling small-pox epidemics among aboriginal people at remote trading posts of the Hudson's Bay Company. Arm-to-arm transfer at 8-day intervals was common through most of the 19th century. Vaccination and quarantine eliminated endemic smallpox throughout Canada by 1946. The last case, in Toronto in 1962, came from Brazil.