RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 A clinical approach to common electrolyte problems: 2. Potassium imbalances
JF Canadian Medical Association Journal
JO CMAJ
FD Canadian Medical Association
SP 28
OP 31
VO 129
IS 1
A1 R. A. Bear
A1 G. A. Neil
YR 1983
UL http://www.cmaj.ca/content/129/1/28.abstract
AB A clinical approach to potassium imbalances is presented. Hypokalemia is rarely due solely to a reduced intake of potassium; instead, it usually results from a potassium flux into the cells or increased loss of the element, at times combined with a decreased intake. The clinician must seek the cause of the intracellular flux or the source of the gastrointestinal or renal loss. The causes of gastrointestinal losses are generally self evident. Renal potassium wasting, though, generally results from increased mineralocorticoid activity, an increased rate of urinary flow or of sodium delivery to the distal nephron, or both, hypomagnesemia or a combination of these factors. Hyperkalemia may be factitious, but usually it is caused by a flux of potassium from the cells or a decrease in the renal loss of potassium, the latter being mediated by a reduction in renal function, mineralocorticoid activity, or the rate of urinary flow or sodium delivery, or both. In both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia, treatment must be guided by the specific clinical circumstances.