Research
Trends in health care–associated infections in acute care hospitals in Canada: an analysis of repeated point-prevalence surveys
Robyn Mitchell, Geoffrey Taylor, Wallis Rudnick, Stephanie Alexandre, Kathryn Bush, Leslie Forrester, Charles Frenette, Bonny Granfield, Denise Gravel-Tropper, Jennifer Happe, Michael John, Christian Lavallee, Allison McGeer, Dominik Mertz, Linda Pelude, Michelle Science, Andrew Simor, Stephanie Smith, Kathryn N. Suh, Joseph Vayalumkal, Alice Wong and Kanchana Amaratunga; for the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program
CMAJ September 09, 2019 191 (36) E981-E988; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.190361
Robyn Mitchell
Public Health Agency of Canada (Mitchell, Rudnick, Alexandre, Gravel-Tropper, Pelude, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor, Granfield, Smith), Edmonton, Alta.; Alberta Health Services (Bush), Calgary, Alta.; Vancouver Coastal Health (Forrester), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; Infection Prevention and Control Canada (Happe), Edmonton, Alta.; London Health Sciences Centre (John), London, Ont.; Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Lavallee), Montréal, Que.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Hospital for Sick Children (Science); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; Alberta Children’s Hospital (Vayalumkal), Calgary, Alta.; Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.
MHScGeoffrey Taylor
Public Health Agency of Canada (Mitchell, Rudnick, Alexandre, Gravel-Tropper, Pelude, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor, Granfield, Smith), Edmonton, Alta.; Alberta Health Services (Bush), Calgary, Alta.; Vancouver Coastal Health (Forrester), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; Infection Prevention and Control Canada (Happe), Edmonton, Alta.; London Health Sciences Centre (John), London, Ont.; Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Lavallee), Montréal, Que.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Hospital for Sick Children (Science); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; Alberta Children’s Hospital (Vayalumkal), Calgary, Alta.; Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.
MDWallis Rudnick
Public Health Agency of Canada (Mitchell, Rudnick, Alexandre, Gravel-Tropper, Pelude, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor, Granfield, Smith), Edmonton, Alta.; Alberta Health Services (Bush), Calgary, Alta.; Vancouver Coastal Health (Forrester), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; Infection Prevention and Control Canada (Happe), Edmonton, Alta.; London Health Sciences Centre (John), London, Ont.; Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Lavallee), Montréal, Que.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Hospital for Sick Children (Science); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; Alberta Children’s Hospital (Vayalumkal), Calgary, Alta.; Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.
PhDStephanie Alexandre
Public Health Agency of Canada (Mitchell, Rudnick, Alexandre, Gravel-Tropper, Pelude, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor, Granfield, Smith), Edmonton, Alta.; Alberta Health Services (Bush), Calgary, Alta.; Vancouver Coastal Health (Forrester), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; Infection Prevention and Control Canada (Happe), Edmonton, Alta.; London Health Sciences Centre (John), London, Ont.; Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Lavallee), Montréal, Que.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Hospital for Sick Children (Science); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; Alberta Children’s Hospital (Vayalumkal), Calgary, Alta.; Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.
BScKathryn Bush
Public Health Agency of Canada (Mitchell, Rudnick, Alexandre, Gravel-Tropper, Pelude, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor, Granfield, Smith), Edmonton, Alta.; Alberta Health Services (Bush), Calgary, Alta.; Vancouver Coastal Health (Forrester), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; Infection Prevention and Control Canada (Happe), Edmonton, Alta.; London Health Sciences Centre (John), London, Ont.; Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Lavallee), Montréal, Que.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Hospital for Sick Children (Science); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; Alberta Children’s Hospital (Vayalumkal), Calgary, Alta.; Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.
MScLeslie Forrester
Public Health Agency of Canada (Mitchell, Rudnick, Alexandre, Gravel-Tropper, Pelude, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor, Granfield, Smith), Edmonton, Alta.; Alberta Health Services (Bush), Calgary, Alta.; Vancouver Coastal Health (Forrester), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; Infection Prevention and Control Canada (Happe), Edmonton, Alta.; London Health Sciences Centre (John), London, Ont.; Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Lavallee), Montréal, Que.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Hospital for Sick Children (Science); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; Alberta Children’s Hospital (Vayalumkal), Calgary, Alta.; Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.
MScCharles Frenette
Public Health Agency of Canada (Mitchell, Rudnick, Alexandre, Gravel-Tropper, Pelude, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor, Granfield, Smith), Edmonton, Alta.; Alberta Health Services (Bush), Calgary, Alta.; Vancouver Coastal Health (Forrester), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; Infection Prevention and Control Canada (Happe), Edmonton, Alta.; London Health Sciences Centre (John), London, Ont.; Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Lavallee), Montréal, Que.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Hospital for Sick Children (Science); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; Alberta Children’s Hospital (Vayalumkal), Calgary, Alta.; Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.
MDBonny Granfield
Public Health Agency of Canada (Mitchell, Rudnick, Alexandre, Gravel-Tropper, Pelude, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor, Granfield, Smith), Edmonton, Alta.; Alberta Health Services (Bush), Calgary, Alta.; Vancouver Coastal Health (Forrester), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; Infection Prevention and Control Canada (Happe), Edmonton, Alta.; London Health Sciences Centre (John), London, Ont.; Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Lavallee), Montréal, Que.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Hospital for Sick Children (Science); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; Alberta Children’s Hospital (Vayalumkal), Calgary, Alta.; Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.
BScNDenise Gravel-Tropper
Public Health Agency of Canada (Mitchell, Rudnick, Alexandre, Gravel-Tropper, Pelude, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor, Granfield, Smith), Edmonton, Alta.; Alberta Health Services (Bush), Calgary, Alta.; Vancouver Coastal Health (Forrester), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; Infection Prevention and Control Canada (Happe), Edmonton, Alta.; London Health Sciences Centre (John), London, Ont.; Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Lavallee), Montréal, Que.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Hospital for Sick Children (Science); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; Alberta Children’s Hospital (Vayalumkal), Calgary, Alta.; Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.
MScJennifer Happe
Public Health Agency of Canada (Mitchell, Rudnick, Alexandre, Gravel-Tropper, Pelude, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor, Granfield, Smith), Edmonton, Alta.; Alberta Health Services (Bush), Calgary, Alta.; Vancouver Coastal Health (Forrester), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; Infection Prevention and Control Canada (Happe), Edmonton, Alta.; London Health Sciences Centre (John), London, Ont.; Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Lavallee), Montréal, Que.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Hospital for Sick Children (Science); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; Alberta Children’s Hospital (Vayalumkal), Calgary, Alta.; Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.
MScMichael John
Public Health Agency of Canada (Mitchell, Rudnick, Alexandre, Gravel-Tropper, Pelude, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor, Granfield, Smith), Edmonton, Alta.; Alberta Health Services (Bush), Calgary, Alta.; Vancouver Coastal Health (Forrester), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; Infection Prevention and Control Canada (Happe), Edmonton, Alta.; London Health Sciences Centre (John), London, Ont.; Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Lavallee), Montréal, Que.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Hospital for Sick Children (Science); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; Alberta Children’s Hospital (Vayalumkal), Calgary, Alta.; Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.
MDChristian Lavallee
Public Health Agency of Canada (Mitchell, Rudnick, Alexandre, Gravel-Tropper, Pelude, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor, Granfield, Smith), Edmonton, Alta.; Alberta Health Services (Bush), Calgary, Alta.; Vancouver Coastal Health (Forrester), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; Infection Prevention and Control Canada (Happe), Edmonton, Alta.; London Health Sciences Centre (John), London, Ont.; Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Lavallee), Montréal, Que.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Hospital for Sick Children (Science); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; Alberta Children’s Hospital (Vayalumkal), Calgary, Alta.; Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.
MDAllison McGeer
Public Health Agency of Canada (Mitchell, Rudnick, Alexandre, Gravel-Tropper, Pelude, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor, Granfield, Smith), Edmonton, Alta.; Alberta Health Services (Bush), Calgary, Alta.; Vancouver Coastal Health (Forrester), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; Infection Prevention and Control Canada (Happe), Edmonton, Alta.; London Health Sciences Centre (John), London, Ont.; Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Lavallee), Montréal, Que.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Hospital for Sick Children (Science); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; Alberta Children’s Hospital (Vayalumkal), Calgary, Alta.; Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.
MDDominik Mertz
Public Health Agency of Canada (Mitchell, Rudnick, Alexandre, Gravel-Tropper, Pelude, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor, Granfield, Smith), Edmonton, Alta.; Alberta Health Services (Bush), Calgary, Alta.; Vancouver Coastal Health (Forrester), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; Infection Prevention and Control Canada (Happe), Edmonton, Alta.; London Health Sciences Centre (John), London, Ont.; Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Lavallee), Montréal, Que.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Hospital for Sick Children (Science); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; Alberta Children’s Hospital (Vayalumkal), Calgary, Alta.; Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.
MDLinda Pelude
Public Health Agency of Canada (Mitchell, Rudnick, Alexandre, Gravel-Tropper, Pelude, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor, Granfield, Smith), Edmonton, Alta.; Alberta Health Services (Bush), Calgary, Alta.; Vancouver Coastal Health (Forrester), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; Infection Prevention and Control Canada (Happe), Edmonton, Alta.; London Health Sciences Centre (John), London, Ont.; Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Lavallee), Montréal, Que.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Hospital for Sick Children (Science); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; Alberta Children’s Hospital (Vayalumkal), Calgary, Alta.; Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.
MScMichelle Science
Public Health Agency of Canada (Mitchell, Rudnick, Alexandre, Gravel-Tropper, Pelude, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor, Granfield, Smith), Edmonton, Alta.; Alberta Health Services (Bush), Calgary, Alta.; Vancouver Coastal Health (Forrester), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; Infection Prevention and Control Canada (Happe), Edmonton, Alta.; London Health Sciences Centre (John), London, Ont.; Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Lavallee), Montréal, Que.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Hospital for Sick Children (Science); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; Alberta Children’s Hospital (Vayalumkal), Calgary, Alta.; Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.
MDAndrew Simor
Public Health Agency of Canada (Mitchell, Rudnick, Alexandre, Gravel-Tropper, Pelude, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor, Granfield, Smith), Edmonton, Alta.; Alberta Health Services (Bush), Calgary, Alta.; Vancouver Coastal Health (Forrester), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; Infection Prevention and Control Canada (Happe), Edmonton, Alta.; London Health Sciences Centre (John), London, Ont.; Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Lavallee), Montréal, Que.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Hospital for Sick Children (Science); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; Alberta Children’s Hospital (Vayalumkal), Calgary, Alta.; Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.
MDStephanie Smith
Public Health Agency of Canada (Mitchell, Rudnick, Alexandre, Gravel-Tropper, Pelude, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor, Granfield, Smith), Edmonton, Alta.; Alberta Health Services (Bush), Calgary, Alta.; Vancouver Coastal Health (Forrester), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; Infection Prevention and Control Canada (Happe), Edmonton, Alta.; London Health Sciences Centre (John), London, Ont.; Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Lavallee), Montréal, Que.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Hospital for Sick Children (Science); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; Alberta Children’s Hospital (Vayalumkal), Calgary, Alta.; Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.
MDKathryn N. Suh
Public Health Agency of Canada (Mitchell, Rudnick, Alexandre, Gravel-Tropper, Pelude, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor, Granfield, Smith), Edmonton, Alta.; Alberta Health Services (Bush), Calgary, Alta.; Vancouver Coastal Health (Forrester), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; Infection Prevention and Control Canada (Happe), Edmonton, Alta.; London Health Sciences Centre (John), London, Ont.; Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Lavallee), Montréal, Que.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Hospital for Sick Children (Science); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; Alberta Children’s Hospital (Vayalumkal), Calgary, Alta.; Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.
MDJoseph Vayalumkal
Public Health Agency of Canada (Mitchell, Rudnick, Alexandre, Gravel-Tropper, Pelude, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor, Granfield, Smith), Edmonton, Alta.; Alberta Health Services (Bush), Calgary, Alta.; Vancouver Coastal Health (Forrester), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; Infection Prevention and Control Canada (Happe), Edmonton, Alta.; London Health Sciences Centre (John), London, Ont.; Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Lavallee), Montréal, Que.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Hospital for Sick Children (Science); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; Alberta Children’s Hospital (Vayalumkal), Calgary, Alta.; Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.
MDAlice Wong
Public Health Agency of Canada (Mitchell, Rudnick, Alexandre, Gravel-Tropper, Pelude, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor, Granfield, Smith), Edmonton, Alta.; Alberta Health Services (Bush), Calgary, Alta.; Vancouver Coastal Health (Forrester), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; Infection Prevention and Control Canada (Happe), Edmonton, Alta.; London Health Sciences Centre (John), London, Ont.; Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Lavallee), Montréal, Que.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Hospital for Sick Children (Science); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; Alberta Children’s Hospital (Vayalumkal), Calgary, Alta.; Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.
MDKanchana Amaratunga
Public Health Agency of Canada (Mitchell, Rudnick, Alexandre, Gravel-Tropper, Pelude, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor, Granfield, Smith), Edmonton, Alta.; Alberta Health Services (Bush), Calgary, Alta.; Vancouver Coastal Health (Forrester), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; Infection Prevention and Control Canada (Happe), Edmonton, Alta.; London Health Sciences Centre (John), London, Ont.; Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Lavallee), Montréal, Que.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Hospital for Sick Children (Science); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; Alberta Children’s Hospital (Vayalumkal), Calgary, Alta.; Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.
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