Research
Relation of total sugars, fructose and sucrose with incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Christine S. Tsilas, Russell J. de Souza, Sonia Blanco Mejia, Arash Mirrahimi, Adrian I. Cozma, Viranda H. Jayalath, Vanessa Ha, Reem Tawfik, Marco Di Buono, Alexandra L. Jenkins, Lawrence A. Leiter, Thomas M.S. Wolever, Joseph Beyene, Tauseef Khan, Cyril W.C. Kendall, David J.A. Jenkins and John L. Sievenpiper
CMAJ May 23, 2017 189 (20) E711-E720; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.160706
Christine S. Tsilas
Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit (Tsilas, de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Tawfik, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Food and Nutritional Sciences (Tsilas), Brescia University College at Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Di Buono, A. Jenkins, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sieven-piper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (de Souza, Ha, Beyene), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; School of Medicine (Mirrahimi), Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; MD Program (Cozma, Jayalath), Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology (Tawfik), Faculty of Arts, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; American Heart Association (Di Buono), Dallas, Tex.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Beyene), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition (Kendall), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.
HBScRussell J. de Souza
Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit (Tsilas, de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Tawfik, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Food and Nutritional Sciences (Tsilas), Brescia University College at Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Di Buono, A. Jenkins, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sieven-piper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (de Souza, Ha, Beyene), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; School of Medicine (Mirrahimi), Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; MD Program (Cozma, Jayalath), Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology (Tawfik), Faculty of Arts, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; American Heart Association (Di Buono), Dallas, Tex.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Beyene), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition (Kendall), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.
ScD RDSonia Blanco Mejia
Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit (Tsilas, de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Tawfik, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Food and Nutritional Sciences (Tsilas), Brescia University College at Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Di Buono, A. Jenkins, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sieven-piper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (de Souza, Ha, Beyene), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; School of Medicine (Mirrahimi), Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; MD Program (Cozma, Jayalath), Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology (Tawfik), Faculty of Arts, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; American Heart Association (Di Buono), Dallas, Tex.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Beyene), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition (Kendall), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.
MD MScArash Mirrahimi
Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit (Tsilas, de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Tawfik, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Food and Nutritional Sciences (Tsilas), Brescia University College at Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Di Buono, A. Jenkins, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sieven-piper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (de Souza, Ha, Beyene), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; School of Medicine (Mirrahimi), Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; MD Program (Cozma, Jayalath), Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology (Tawfik), Faculty of Arts, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; American Heart Association (Di Buono), Dallas, Tex.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Beyene), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition (Kendall), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.
MScAdrian I. Cozma
Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit (Tsilas, de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Tawfik, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Food and Nutritional Sciences (Tsilas), Brescia University College at Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Di Buono, A. Jenkins, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sieven-piper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (de Souza, Ha, Beyene), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; School of Medicine (Mirrahimi), Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; MD Program (Cozma, Jayalath), Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology (Tawfik), Faculty of Arts, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; American Heart Association (Di Buono), Dallas, Tex.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Beyene), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition (Kendall), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.
MScViranda H. Jayalath
Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit (Tsilas, de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Tawfik, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Food and Nutritional Sciences (Tsilas), Brescia University College at Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Di Buono, A. Jenkins, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sieven-piper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (de Souza, Ha, Beyene), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; School of Medicine (Mirrahimi), Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; MD Program (Cozma, Jayalath), Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology (Tawfik), Faculty of Arts, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; American Heart Association (Di Buono), Dallas, Tex.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Beyene), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition (Kendall), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.
MScVanessa Ha
Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit (Tsilas, de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Tawfik, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Food and Nutritional Sciences (Tsilas), Brescia University College at Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Di Buono, A. Jenkins, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sieven-piper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (de Souza, Ha, Beyene), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; School of Medicine (Mirrahimi), Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; MD Program (Cozma, Jayalath), Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology (Tawfik), Faculty of Arts, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; American Heart Association (Di Buono), Dallas, Tex.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Beyene), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition (Kendall), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.
MScReem Tawfik
Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit (Tsilas, de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Tawfik, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Food and Nutritional Sciences (Tsilas), Brescia University College at Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Di Buono, A. Jenkins, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sieven-piper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (de Souza, Ha, Beyene), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; School of Medicine (Mirrahimi), Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; MD Program (Cozma, Jayalath), Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology (Tawfik), Faculty of Arts, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; American Heart Association (Di Buono), Dallas, Tex.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Beyene), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition (Kendall), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.
HBScMarco Di Buono
Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit (Tsilas, de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Tawfik, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Food and Nutritional Sciences (Tsilas), Brescia University College at Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Di Buono, A. Jenkins, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sieven-piper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (de Souza, Ha, Beyene), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; School of Medicine (Mirrahimi), Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; MD Program (Cozma, Jayalath), Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology (Tawfik), Faculty of Arts, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; American Heart Association (Di Buono), Dallas, Tex.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Beyene), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition (Kendall), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.
PhDAlexandra L. Jenkins
Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit (Tsilas, de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Tawfik, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Food and Nutritional Sciences (Tsilas), Brescia University College at Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Di Buono, A. Jenkins, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sieven-piper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (de Souza, Ha, Beyene), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; School of Medicine (Mirrahimi), Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; MD Program (Cozma, Jayalath), Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology (Tawfik), Faculty of Arts, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; American Heart Association (Di Buono), Dallas, Tex.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Beyene), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition (Kendall), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.
PhDLawrence A. Leiter
Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit (Tsilas, de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Tawfik, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Food and Nutritional Sciences (Tsilas), Brescia University College at Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Di Buono, A. Jenkins, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sieven-piper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (de Souza, Ha, Beyene), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; School of Medicine (Mirrahimi), Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; MD Program (Cozma, Jayalath), Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology (Tawfik), Faculty of Arts, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; American Heart Association (Di Buono), Dallas, Tex.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Beyene), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition (Kendall), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.
MDThomas M.S. Wolever
Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit (Tsilas, de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Tawfik, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Food and Nutritional Sciences (Tsilas), Brescia University College at Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Di Buono, A. Jenkins, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sieven-piper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (de Souza, Ha, Beyene), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; School of Medicine (Mirrahimi), Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; MD Program (Cozma, Jayalath), Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology (Tawfik), Faculty of Arts, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; American Heart Association (Di Buono), Dallas, Tex.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Beyene), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition (Kendall), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.
MD PhDJoseph Beyene
Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit (Tsilas, de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Tawfik, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Food and Nutritional Sciences (Tsilas), Brescia University College at Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Di Buono, A. Jenkins, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sieven-piper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (de Souza, Ha, Beyene), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; School of Medicine (Mirrahimi), Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; MD Program (Cozma, Jayalath), Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology (Tawfik), Faculty of Arts, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; American Heart Association (Di Buono), Dallas, Tex.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Beyene), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition (Kendall), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.
PhDTauseef Khan
Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit (Tsilas, de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Tawfik, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Food and Nutritional Sciences (Tsilas), Brescia University College at Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Di Buono, A. Jenkins, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sieven-piper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (de Souza, Ha, Beyene), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; School of Medicine (Mirrahimi), Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; MD Program (Cozma, Jayalath), Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology (Tawfik), Faculty of Arts, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; American Heart Association (Di Buono), Dallas, Tex.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Beyene), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition (Kendall), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.
MBBS PhDCyril W.C. Kendall
Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit (Tsilas, de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Tawfik, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Food and Nutritional Sciences (Tsilas), Brescia University College at Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Di Buono, A. Jenkins, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sieven-piper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (de Souza, Ha, Beyene), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; School of Medicine (Mirrahimi), Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; MD Program (Cozma, Jayalath), Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology (Tawfik), Faculty of Arts, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; American Heart Association (Di Buono), Dallas, Tex.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Beyene), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition (Kendall), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.
PhDDavid J.A. Jenkins
Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit (Tsilas, de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Tawfik, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Food and Nutritional Sciences (Tsilas), Brescia University College at Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Di Buono, A. Jenkins, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sieven-piper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (de Souza, Ha, Beyene), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; School of Medicine (Mirrahimi), Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; MD Program (Cozma, Jayalath), Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology (Tawfik), Faculty of Arts, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; American Heart Association (Di Buono), Dallas, Tex.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Beyene), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition (Kendall), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.
MD PhDJohn L. Sievenpiper
Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit (Tsilas, de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Tawfik, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Food and Nutritional Sciences (Tsilas), Brescia University College at Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (de Souza, Blanco Mejia, Mirrahimi, Cozma, Jayalath, Ha, Di Buono, A. Jenkins, Leiter, Wolever, Khan, Kendall, D. Jenkins, Sieven-piper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (de Souza, Ha, Beyene), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; School of Medicine (Mirrahimi), Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; MD Program (Cozma, Jayalath), Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology (Tawfik), Faculty of Arts, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; American Heart Association (Di Buono), Dallas, Tex.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Leiter, Wolever, D. Jenkins, Sievenpiper), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Beyene), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition (Kendall), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.
MD PhD