Guideline
Guideline for opioid therapy and chronic noncancer pain
Jason W. Busse, Samantha Craigie, David N. Juurlink, D. Norman Buckley, Li Wang, Rachel J. Couban, Thomas Agoritsas, Elie A. Akl, Alonso Carrasco-Labra, Lynn Cooper, Chris Cull, Bruno R. da Costa, Joseph W. Frank, Gus Grant, Alfonso Iorio, Navindra Persaud, Sol Stern, Peter Tugwell, Per Olav Vandvik and Gordon H. Guyatt
CMAJ May 08, 2017 189 (18) E659-E666; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.170363
Jason W. Busse
The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway
Samantha Craigie
The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway
David N. Juurlink
The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway
D. Norman Buckley
The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway
Li Wang
The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway
Rachel J. Couban
The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway
Thomas Agoritsas
The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway
Elie A. Akl
The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway
Alonso Carrasco-Labra
The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway
Lynn Cooper
The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway
Chris Cull
The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway
Bruno R. da Costa
The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway
Joseph W. Frank
The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway
Gus Grant
The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway
Alfonso Iorio
The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway
Navindra Persaud
The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway
Sol Stern
The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway
Peter Tugwell
The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway
Per Olav Vandvik
The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway
Gordon H. Guyatt
The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway