Research
Risk of pneumonia associated with incident benzodiazepine use among community-dwelling adults with Alzheimer disease
Heidi Taipale, Anna-Maija Tolppanen, Marjaana Koponen, Antti Tanskanen, Piia Lavikainen, Reijo Sund, Jari Tiihonen and Sirpa Hartikainen
CMAJ April 10, 2017 189 (14) E519-E529; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.160126
Heidi Taipale
Kuopio Research Centre of Geriatric Care (Taipale, Koponen, Lavikainen, Hartikainen); School of Pharmacy (Taipale, Tolppanen, Koponen, Lavikainen, Hartikainen); Department of Forensic Psychiatry (Taipale, Tanskanen, Tiihonen), Niuvanniemi Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (Sund); Research Centre for Comparative Effectiveness and Patient Safety (RECEPS) (Tolppanen), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (Tanskanen, Tiihonen), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Tanskanen), Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pharmacology (Lavikainen), Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Social Research (Sund), Centre for Research Methods, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychiatry (Hartikainen), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
PhD PharmAnna-Maija Tolppanen
Kuopio Research Centre of Geriatric Care (Taipale, Koponen, Lavikainen, Hartikainen); School of Pharmacy (Taipale, Tolppanen, Koponen, Lavikainen, Hartikainen); Department of Forensic Psychiatry (Taipale, Tanskanen, Tiihonen), Niuvanniemi Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (Sund); Research Centre for Comparative Effectiveness and Patient Safety (RECEPS) (Tolppanen), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (Tanskanen, Tiihonen), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Tanskanen), Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pharmacology (Lavikainen), Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Social Research (Sund), Centre for Research Methods, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychiatry (Hartikainen), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
PhDMarjaana Koponen
Kuopio Research Centre of Geriatric Care (Taipale, Koponen, Lavikainen, Hartikainen); School of Pharmacy (Taipale, Tolppanen, Koponen, Lavikainen, Hartikainen); Department of Forensic Psychiatry (Taipale, Tanskanen, Tiihonen), Niuvanniemi Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (Sund); Research Centre for Comparative Effectiveness and Patient Safety (RECEPS) (Tolppanen), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (Tanskanen, Tiihonen), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Tanskanen), Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pharmacology (Lavikainen), Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Social Research (Sund), Centre for Research Methods, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychiatry (Hartikainen), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
MSc PharmAntti Tanskanen
Kuopio Research Centre of Geriatric Care (Taipale, Koponen, Lavikainen, Hartikainen); School of Pharmacy (Taipale, Tolppanen, Koponen, Lavikainen, Hartikainen); Department of Forensic Psychiatry (Taipale, Tanskanen, Tiihonen), Niuvanniemi Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (Sund); Research Centre for Comparative Effectiveness and Patient Safety (RECEPS) (Tolppanen), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (Tanskanen, Tiihonen), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Tanskanen), Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pharmacology (Lavikainen), Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Social Research (Sund), Centre for Research Methods, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychiatry (Hartikainen), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
Phil LicPiia Lavikainen
Kuopio Research Centre of Geriatric Care (Taipale, Koponen, Lavikainen, Hartikainen); School of Pharmacy (Taipale, Tolppanen, Koponen, Lavikainen, Hartikainen); Department of Forensic Psychiatry (Taipale, Tanskanen, Tiihonen), Niuvanniemi Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (Sund); Research Centre for Comparative Effectiveness and Patient Safety (RECEPS) (Tolppanen), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (Tanskanen, Tiihonen), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Tanskanen), Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pharmacology (Lavikainen), Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Social Research (Sund), Centre for Research Methods, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychiatry (Hartikainen), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
PhDReijo Sund
Kuopio Research Centre of Geriatric Care (Taipale, Koponen, Lavikainen, Hartikainen); School of Pharmacy (Taipale, Tolppanen, Koponen, Lavikainen, Hartikainen); Department of Forensic Psychiatry (Taipale, Tanskanen, Tiihonen), Niuvanniemi Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (Sund); Research Centre for Comparative Effectiveness and Patient Safety (RECEPS) (Tolppanen), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (Tanskanen, Tiihonen), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Tanskanen), Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pharmacology (Lavikainen), Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Social Research (Sund), Centre for Research Methods, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychiatry (Hartikainen), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
DsocScJari Tiihonen
Kuopio Research Centre of Geriatric Care (Taipale, Koponen, Lavikainen, Hartikainen); School of Pharmacy (Taipale, Tolppanen, Koponen, Lavikainen, Hartikainen); Department of Forensic Psychiatry (Taipale, Tanskanen, Tiihonen), Niuvanniemi Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (Sund); Research Centre for Comparative Effectiveness and Patient Safety (RECEPS) (Tolppanen), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (Tanskanen, Tiihonen), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Tanskanen), Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pharmacology (Lavikainen), Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Social Research (Sund), Centre for Research Methods, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychiatry (Hartikainen), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
MD PhDSirpa Hartikainen
Kuopio Research Centre of Geriatric Care (Taipale, Koponen, Lavikainen, Hartikainen); School of Pharmacy (Taipale, Tolppanen, Koponen, Lavikainen, Hartikainen); Department of Forensic Psychiatry (Taipale, Tanskanen, Tiihonen), Niuvanniemi Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (Sund); Research Centre for Comparative Effectiveness and Patient Safety (RECEPS) (Tolppanen), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (Tanskanen, Tiihonen), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Tanskanen), Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pharmacology (Lavikainen), Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Social Research (Sund), Centre for Research Methods, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychiatry (Hartikainen), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
MD PhDOnline Appendices
- Appendix 1: Definitions of variables included in the propensity score
- Appendix 2: Risk of pneumonia in terms of benzodiazepine and related drug substances and dose among those who initiated with only one drug (N =8,383 and 119 users initiating two benzodiazepines concomitantly were excluded, N = 8,382)