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Original Articles

Effectiveness of pertussis vaccination and duration of immunity

Kevin L. Schwartz, Jeffrey C. Kwong, Shelley L. Deeks, Michael A. Campitelli, Frances B. Jamieson, Alex Marchand-Austin, Therese A. Stukel, Laura Rosella, Nick Daneman, Shelly Bolotin, Steven J. Drews, Heather Rilkoff and Natasha S. Crowcroft
CMAJ September 26, 2016 cmaj.160193; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.160193
Kevin L. Schwartz
MD
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Jeffrey C. Kwong
MD
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Shelley L. Deeks
MD
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Michael A. Campitelli
MPH
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Frances B. Jamieson
MD
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Alex Marchand-Austin
MSc
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Therese A. Stukel
PhD
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Laura Rosella
PhD
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Nick Daneman
MD
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Shelly Bolotin
PhD
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Steven J. Drews
PhD
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Heather Rilkoff
MPH
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Natasha S. Crowcroft
MD(Cantab)
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Abstract

Background: A resurgence of pertussis cases among both vaccinated and unvaccinated people raises questions about vaccine effectiveness over time. Our objective was to study the effectiveness of the pertussis vaccine and characterize the effect of waning immunity and whole-cell vaccine priming.

Methods: We used the test-negative design, a nested case-control study with test-negative individuals as controls. We constructed multivariable logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs). Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1 - OR) × 100. We assessed waning immunity by calculating the odds of developing pertussis per year since last vaccination and evaluated the relative effectiveness of priming with acellular versus whole-cell vaccine.

Results: Between Dec. 7, 2009, and Mar. 31, 2013, data on 5867 individuals (486 test-positive cases and 5381 test-negative controls) were available for analysis. Adjusted vaccine effectiveness was 80% (95% confidence interval [CI] 71% to 86%) at 15-364 days, 84% (95% CI 77% to 89%) at 1-3 years, 62% (95% CI 42% to 75%) at 4-7 years and 41% (95% CI 0% to 66%) at 8 or more years since last vaccination. We observed waning immunity with the acellular vaccine, with an adjusted OR for pertussis infection of 1.27 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.34) per year since last vaccination. Acellular, versus whole-cell, vaccine priming was associated with an increased odds of pertussis (adjusted OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.30 to 3.57).

Interpretation: We observed high early effectiveness of the pertussis vaccine that rapidly declined as time since last vaccination surpassed 4 years, particularly with acellular vaccine priming. Considering whole-cell vaccine priming and/or boosters in pregnancy to optimize pertussis control may be prudent.

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Canadian Medical Association Journal: 195 (37)
CMAJ
Vol. 195, Issue 37
25 Sep 2023
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Effectiveness of pertussis vaccination and duration of immunity
Kevin L. Schwartz, Jeffrey C. Kwong, Shelley L. Deeks, Michael A. Campitelli, Frances B. Jamieson, Alex Marchand-Austin, Therese A. Stukel, Laura Rosella, Nick Daneman, Shelly Bolotin, Steven J. Drews, Heather Rilkoff, Natasha S. Crowcroft
CMAJ Sep 2016, cmaj.160193; DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.160193

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Effectiveness of pertussis vaccination and duration of immunity
Kevin L. Schwartz, Jeffrey C. Kwong, Shelley L. Deeks, Michael A. Campitelli, Frances B. Jamieson, Alex Marchand-Austin, Therese A. Stukel, Laura Rosella, Nick Daneman, Shelly Bolotin, Steven J. Drews, Heather Rilkoff, Natasha S. Crowcroft
CMAJ Sep 2016, cmaj.160193; DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.160193
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