Replacing high-stakes summative examinations with graduated medical licensure in Canada

Department of Emergency Medicine (Thoma), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons (Thoma), Ottawa, Ott.; Centre for Simulation-Based Learning (Monteiro); McMaster Education Research, Innovation, and Theory (MERIT) Program (Monteiro, Chan); Division of Education & Innovation, Department of Medicine (Monteiro, Chan); Division of Emergency Medicine (Pardhan), Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, and Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Canada Emergency Medicine Program (Pardhan); Department of Family Medicine (Waters); McMaster Office of Postgraduate Medical Education Advisory Board (Waters); Division of Emergency Medicine (Chan), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Office of Continuing Professional Development (Chan), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.

Department of Emergency Medicine (Thoma), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons (Thoma), Ottawa, Ott.; Centre for Simulation-Based Learning (Monteiro); McMaster Education Research, Innovation, and Theory (MERIT) Program (Monteiro, Chan); Division of Education & Innovation, Department of Medicine (Monteiro, Chan); Division of Emergency Medicine (Pardhan), Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, and Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Canada Emergency Medicine Program (Pardhan); Department of Family Medicine (Waters); McMaster Office of Postgraduate Medical Education Advisory Board (Waters); Division of Emergency Medicine (Chan), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Office of Continuing Professional Development (Chan), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.

Department of Emergency Medicine (Thoma), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons (Thoma), Ottawa, Ott.; Centre for Simulation-Based Learning (Monteiro); McMaster Education Research, Innovation, and Theory (MERIT) Program (Monteiro, Chan); Division of Education & Innovation, Department of Medicine (Monteiro, Chan); Division of Emergency Medicine (Pardhan), Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, and Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Canada Emergency Medicine Program (Pardhan); Department of Family Medicine (Waters); McMaster Office of Postgraduate Medical Education Advisory Board (Waters); Division of Emergency Medicine (Chan), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Office of Continuing Professional Development (Chan), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.

Department of Emergency Medicine (Thoma), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons (Thoma), Ottawa, Ott.; Centre for Simulation-Based Learning (Monteiro); McMaster Education Research, Innovation, and Theory (MERIT) Program (Monteiro, Chan); Division of Education & Innovation, Department of Medicine (Monteiro, Chan); Division of Emergency Medicine (Pardhan), Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, and Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Canada Emergency Medicine Program (Pardhan); Department of Family Medicine (Waters); McMaster Office of Postgraduate Medical Education Advisory Board (Waters); Division of Emergency Medicine (Chan), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Office of Continuing Professional Development (Chan), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.

Department of Emergency Medicine (Thoma), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons (Thoma), Ottawa, Ott.; Centre for Simulation-Based Learning (Monteiro); McMaster Education Research, Innovation, and Theory (MERIT) Program (Monteiro, Chan); Division of Education & Innovation, Department of Medicine (Monteiro, Chan); Division of Emergency Medicine (Pardhan), Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, and Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Canada Emergency Medicine Program (Pardhan); Department of Family Medicine (Waters); McMaster Office of Postgraduate Medical Education Advisory Board (Waters); Division of Emergency Medicine (Chan), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Office of Continuing Professional Development (Chan), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.