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Research

Prepregnancy renal function and risk of preterm birth and related outcomes

Ziv Harel, Alison L. Park, Eric McArthur, Michelle Hladunewich, Jade S. Dirk, Ron Wald, Amit X. Garg and Joel G. Ray
CMAJ July 27, 2020 192 (30) E851-E857; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.200089
Ziv Harel
Division of Nephrology (Harel, Wald) and Department of Medicine (Ray), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; ICES (Park, McArthur, Dirk, Garg, Ray), Ontario; Division of Nephrology (Hladunewich), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Nephrology (Garg), Western University, London, Ont.
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Alison L. Park
Division of Nephrology (Harel, Wald) and Department of Medicine (Ray), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; ICES (Park, McArthur, Dirk, Garg, Ray), Ontario; Division of Nephrology (Hladunewich), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Nephrology (Garg), Western University, London, Ont.
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Eric McArthur
Division of Nephrology (Harel, Wald) and Department of Medicine (Ray), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; ICES (Park, McArthur, Dirk, Garg, Ray), Ontario; Division of Nephrology (Hladunewich), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Nephrology (Garg), Western University, London, Ont.
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Michelle Hladunewich
Division of Nephrology (Harel, Wald) and Department of Medicine (Ray), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; ICES (Park, McArthur, Dirk, Garg, Ray), Ontario; Division of Nephrology (Hladunewich), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Nephrology (Garg), Western University, London, Ont.
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Jade S. Dirk
Division of Nephrology (Harel, Wald) and Department of Medicine (Ray), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; ICES (Park, McArthur, Dirk, Garg, Ray), Ontario; Division of Nephrology (Hladunewich), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Nephrology (Garg), Western University, London, Ont.
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Ron Wald
Division of Nephrology (Harel, Wald) and Department of Medicine (Ray), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; ICES (Park, McArthur, Dirk, Garg, Ray), Ontario; Division of Nephrology (Hladunewich), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Nephrology (Garg), Western University, London, Ont.
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Amit X. Garg
Division of Nephrology (Harel, Wald) and Department of Medicine (Ray), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; ICES (Park, McArthur, Dirk, Garg, Ray), Ontario; Division of Nephrology (Hladunewich), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Nephrology (Garg), Western University, London, Ont.
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Joel G. Ray
Division of Nephrology (Harel, Wald) and Department of Medicine (Ray), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; ICES (Park, McArthur, Dirk, Garg, Ray), Ontario; Division of Nephrology (Hladunewich), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Nephrology (Garg), Western University, London, Ont.
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Prepregnancy kidney dysfunction has been associated with preterm birth, which is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality; however, the relation is not well understood. We determined the risk of preterm birth in women with prepregnancy kidney dysfunction, defined using pregnancy-specific serum creatinine cut points.

METHODS: This population-based cohort study in the province of Ontario, Canada, involved women aged 16 to 50 years who had a singleton birth between 2006 and 2016 and measurement of serum creatinine within 10 weeks preceding their estimated conception date. The exposure was abnormally elevated prepregnancy serum creatinine, defined as greater than the 95th percentile (> 77 μmol/L), a value derived from a population-based sample of women without known kidney disease who became pregnant soon after the measurement was obtained. The main outcome was any preterm birth from 23 to 36 weeks’ gestation. Secondary outcomes included provider-initiated preterm birth before 37 weeks’ gestation and spontaneous preterm birth before 37 weeks.

RESULTS: Among 55 946 pregnancies, preterm birth before 37 weeks’ gestation occurred in 3956 women (7.1%). The risk of preterm birth before 37 weeks was higher among women with prepregnancy creatinine above the 95th percentile, relative to those with prepregnancy creatinine at or below the 95th percentile (9.1% v. 7.0%; adjusted relative risk [RR] 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09 to 1.38). The effect was significant for provider-initiated preterm birth (adjusted RR 1.30, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.52) but not for spontaneous preterm birth (adjusted RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.37).

INTERPRETATION: Given that prepregnancy kidney dysfunction conferred an increased risk of preterm birth, measurement of serum creatinine (a relatively inexpensive blood test) may form part of the assessment of risk for preterm birth among those planning pregnancy.

  • Accepted April 14, 2020.
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Canadian Medical Association Journal: 192 (30)
CMAJ
Vol. 192, Issue 30
27 Jul 2020
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Prepregnancy renal function and risk of preterm birth and related outcomes
Ziv Harel, Alison L. Park, Eric McArthur, Michelle Hladunewich, Jade S. Dirk, Ron Wald, Amit X. Garg, Joel G. Ray
CMAJ Jul 2020, 192 (30) E851-E857; DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.200089

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Prepregnancy renal function and risk of preterm birth and related outcomes
Ziv Harel, Alison L. Park, Eric McArthur, Michelle Hladunewich, Jade S. Dirk, Ron Wald, Amit X. Garg, Joel G. Ray
CMAJ Jul 2020, 192 (30) E851-E857; DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.200089
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