Zhou, (156) 2014 | Diabetes team | Web portal SMS Telephone | Web portal | – | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | – |
Kirwan, (99) 2013 | Diabetes educator | Web portal | SMS Smartphone application | Weekly | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | – | Yes |
Moattari, (110) 2013 | Nurse Physician Nutritionist | Web portal SMS Email | Web portal SMS Telephone | Weekly | Yes | – | Yes | – | – | Yes |
Orsama, (117) 2013 | CDSS | Web portal (CDSS) | Web portal Smartphone application Telephone | – | Yes | – | – | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Pacaud, (118) 2012 (Web static) | Diabetes educator Physician | Web portal (email) | Web portal (email) | – | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | Yes |
Pacaud, (118) 2012 (Web Interactive) | Diabetes educator Physician | Web portal (email, chat, bulletin board) | Web portal (email, chat, bulletin board) | – | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | Yes |
Avdal, (51) 2011 | Nurse | Web portal | Web portal | – | Yes | – | – | – | – | Yes |
Carter, (58) 2011 | Nurse Physician | Web portal Videoconference | Web portal Smart device | Every 2 wk | Yes | – | – | – | – | Yes |
Cho, (62) 2011 | CDSS Nurse Physician | Web portal | Web portal | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Quinn, (125) 2011 (coach only) | CDSS Diabetes educator | Web portal | Web portal Smartphone application Telephone | – | Yes | – | – | – | – | Yes |
Quinn, (125) 2011 (coach PCP portal) | CDSS Diabetes educator Physician | Web portal | Web portal Smartphone application Telephone | – | Yes | – | – | – | – | Yes |
Quinn, (125) 2011 (coach PCP portal with decision support) | CDSS Diabetes educator Physician | Web portal | Web portal (with decision support) Smartphone application Telephone | – | Yes | – | – | – | – | Yes |
Tildesley, (140) 2011 | Physician | Web portal | Web portal Telephone | – | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | – |
Lorig, (103) 2010 (Web program) | Trained peer Moderator/Program administrator | Web portal | Web portal | Weekly | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Lorig, (103) 2010 (Web program plus email reinforcement) | Trained peer Moderator/Program administrator | Web portal Listserv | Web portal Listserv | Weekly | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
McCarrier, (108) 2009 | CDSS Care manager | Web portal Email | Web portal Email | Weekly | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Ralston, (126) 2009 | CDSS Care manager | Web portal | Web portal | Weekly | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Shea, (133) 2009 | Care manager | Web portal Videoconference | Web portal Smart device | – | Yes | Yes | – | – | Yes | Yes |
Yoo, (153) 2009 | CDSS Physician | Web portal | SMS Smart device | Twice daily | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Kim, (98) 2008 | Nurse | Web portal SMS | Web portal | Weekly | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Yoon, (154) 2008 | Nurse Physician | Web portal SMS | Web portal | Weekly | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Bond, (57) 2007 | Nurse Research team | Web portal | Web portal | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Kim, (96) 2007 | Nurse Diabetes educator | Web portal SMS | Web portal | Weekly | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | – |
Cho, (61) 2006 | Nurse Physician Dietitian | Web portal | Web portal | Every 2 wk | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
McMahon, (109) 2005 | Nurse | Web portal Telephone | Web portal Smart devices | – | Yes | Yes | – | – | Yes | Yes |
Kwon, (100) 2004 | Nurse Physician Dietitian | Web portal Email | Web portal | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | – |
Gomez, (78) 2002 | CDSS Physician | Web portal | Web portal (PDA) Telephone | Every 2 wk | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | – | – |
Arora, (50) 2014 | CDSS | SMS | – | Twice daily | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Nagrebetsky, (113) 2013 | Nurse | SMS Telephone | Smart device | Monthly | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | – |
Rossi, (130) 2013 | Physician | SMS | SMS | – | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | Yes |
Tang, (138) 2013 | CDSS Care manager Dietitian | SMS | Web portal Smart device | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Goodarzi, (79) 2012 | Research team | SMS | – | NA | Yes | – | – | – | – | Yes |
Lim, (102) 2011 | CDSS Nurse Physician Dietitian Exercise trainer | SMS | Smart device | ~ daily† | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | Yes |
Shetty, (134) 2011 | Health care provider | SMS | – | NA | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Kim, (95) 2010 | CDSS | SMS | Smart device | Daily | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | Yes |
Rossi, (129) 2010 | Physician Dietitian | SMS | SMS | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | – | Yes |
Tildesley, (141) 2010 | Physician | SMS | SMS Smart device | – | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | – |
Benhamou, (53) 2007 | Physician | SMS | PDA | Weekly | Yes | – | – | – | – | – |
Kim, (92) 2007 | CDSS | SMS | Web portal Smart device | – | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Harno, (81) 2006 | Diabetes team | SMS | Smart device | – | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | – |
Katalenich, (88) 2015 | CDSS | Automated text and voice reminder (CDSS) | – | Daily | – | Yes | – | – | – | – |
Nicolucci, (115) 2015 | CDSS Nurse | Automated text, email and voice reminder (CDSS) Telephone | Smart devices Call-me button | Monthly | Yes | – | – | – | – | Yes |
Khanna, (91) 2014 | CDSS | Automated interactive voice (CDSS to telephone) | – | – | Yes | – | Yes | – | – | – |
Glasgow, (75) 2012 (CASM) | CDSS Research team | Automated interactive voice (CDSS to telephone) Email | Web portal | – | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Glasgow, (75) 2012 (CASM plus) | CDSS Physician Nutritionist Research team | Automated interactive voice (CDSS to telephone) Email Telephone | Web portal Telephone | Twice | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Graziano, (80) 2009 | CDSS Research team | Automated interactive voice (CDSS to telephone) Telephone | – | – | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Holbrook, (84) 2009 | CDSS Research team | Automated voice reminder (Telephone) Letter | – | – | – | – | – | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Schillinger, (131) 2009 | CDSS Care manager | Automated interactive voice (CDSS to telephone) Telephone | – | Weekly | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Piette, (120) 2001 | CDSS Nurse | Automated interactive voice (CDSS to telephone) Telephone | – | Weekly | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | Yes |
Piette, (121) 2000 | CDSS Nurse | Automated interactive voice (CDSS to telephone) Telephone | Telephone | Weekly | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | Yes |
Pressman, (123) 2014 | Care manager | Smart device Telephone | Smart device | Weekly | Yes | – | – | – | – | Yes |
Wakefield, (145) 2011 | CDSS Nurse Diabetes educator Physician | Smart device Telephone | Smart device | – | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Stone, (136) 2010 | Nurse | Smart device Telephone | Smart device | Monthly | Yes | Yes | – | – | Yes | Yes |
Jansa, (86) 2006 | Diabetes team | Smart device | Smart device Email Telephone Fax | 1.5 times per mo | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Steventon, (135) 2014 | CDSS Nurse Support worker | Computer software | Smart device Telephone | ~ daily† | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | Yes |
Charpentier, (60) 2011 | Physician | Computer software Telephone | Smartphone application | Every 2 wk | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | – |
Tsang, (142) 2001 | CDSS | Computer software | PDA | Every 2 d | – | – | Yes | – | – | Yes |
Rasmussen, (127) 2015 | Nurse Physician | Videoconference | – | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | – |
Davis, (65) 2010 | Nurse Dietitian | Videoconference Telephone | – | Monthly | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Whitlock, (149) 2000 | Care manager Physician | Videoconference | – | Weekly | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | – |
Waki, (146) 2014 | CDSS Physician Dietitian | Email Telephone | Smart devices Smartphone Email | Daily | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Leichter, (101) 2013 | Physician | Email Telephone | Computer software | Twice | Yes | – | – | – | Yes | – |
Quinn, (124) 2008 | CDSS Diabetes educator Physician Nutritionist Research team | Email | Smartphone application | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | – | Yes |
Kim, (93) 2006 | Nurse | Patient Web page Telephone | Patient Web page | Weekly | Yes | – | – | Yes | – | Yes |
Farmer, (69) 2005 | CDSS Nurse | Patient Web page Telephone | Smartphone application | Every 2 wk | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | – |
Bell, (52) 2012 | Nurse | Smartphone video message | – | NA | – | – | – | – | – | Yes |
Glasgow, (76) 1997 | CDSS Research team | Video message Telephone | – | 5 times | Yes | – | Yes | – | – | Yes |
Heisler, (82) 2014 | CDSS Community health care worker | Smartphone application Telephone | – | Every 3 wk | Yes | – | – | – | – | Yes |
Kaur, (89) 2015 | Physician | Telephone | Telephone | Weekly | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | – |
Shahid, (132) 2015 | Research team | Telephone | – | ~ every 2 wk† | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Chan, (59) 2014 | Trained peer | Telephone | Telephone | Every 2 wk then monthly then every 2 mo | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Esmatjes, (68) 2014 | Diabetes team | Telephone | Smart device | Monthly | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | – |
Lynch, (105) 2014 | Trained peer | Telephone | – | Weekly | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
O’Conner, (116) 2014 | Care manager Diabetes educator Pharmacist | Telephone | – | Once | Yes | – | – | – | – | – |
Suh, (137) 2014 | CDSS Trained peer | Telephone | Smart device | Twice monthly | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Varney, (144) 2014 | Dietitian | Telephone | – | Monthly | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Aliha, (48) 2013 | Nurse | Telephone | – | Twice weekly then weekly | Yes | – | – | – | – | Yes |
Blackberry, (55) 2013 | Nurse | Telephone | – | ~ monthly† | Yes | Yes | – | – | Yes | Yes |
| | | | then 3 sessions | | | | | | |
Crowley, (63) 2013 | Nurse | Telephone | – | Monthly | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Eakin, (67) 2013 | Counsellor | Telephone | – | ~ every 2 wk† | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Gagliardino, (74) 2013 | Trained peer | Telephone | – | Weekly then every 2 wk then monthly | Yes | – | – | – | – | Yes |
Mons, (111) 2013 | Nurse | Telephone | – | Monthly | Yes | – | – | – | – | – |
Munshi, (112) 2013 | Care manager Diabetes educator | Telephone | – | ~ every 2 wk† | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Plotnikoff, (122) 2013 | Telephone counsellor | Telephone | – | – | Yes | – | – | Yes | – | Yes |
Van Dyck, (143) 2013 | Psychologist | Telephone | – | Every 2 wk then monthly | Yes | – | – | Yes | – | Yes |
Bogner, (56) 2012 | Research team | Telephone | – | Twice | Yes | – | – | – | – | Yes |
Del Prato, (66) 2012 | Physician | Telephone | Smart device | – | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | – |
Jarab, (87) 2012 | Pharmacist | Telephone | – | Weekly | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Marois, (107) 2012 | Exercise physiologist | Telephone | – | Weekly | Yes | – | – | Yes | – | – |
Patja, (119) 2012 | Nurse | Telephone | – | Monthly | Yes | – | – | – | – | Yes |
Williams, (150) 2012 | Nurse | Telephone | – | Every 2 wk | Yes | – | – | – | – | Yes |
Williams, (151) 2012 | CDSS Research team | Telephone | Automated interactive voice (Telephone to CDSS) | Weekly | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Farsaei, (71) 2011 | Pharmacist | Telephone | – | – | Yes | – | – | – | – | Yes |
Franciosi, (72) 2011 | Nurse Physician | Telephone | – | Monthly | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Frosch, (73) 2011 | Nurse | Telephone | – | ~ monthly† | Yes | – | – | – | – | Yes |
Keogh, (90) 2011 | Psychologist | Telephone | – | Once | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Kim, (94) 2011 | Research team | Telephone | Telephone | Weekly | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Walker, (147) 2011 | Diabetes educator | Telephone | – | ~ monthly† | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Anderson, (49) 2010 | Nurse | Telephone | – | Weekly | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Farsaei, (70) 2010 | Pharmacist | Telephone | – | Weekly | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Heisler, (83) 2010 | Care manager Trained peer Research team | Telephone | – | – | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | Yes |
Nesari, (114) 2010 | Nurse | Telephone | – | Twice weekly then weekly | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Dale, (64) 2009 | Trained peer | Telephone | – | 6 times (frequency decreased over follow-up) | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | – |
Istepanian, (85) 2009 | Physician | Telephone | Smart device | – | Yes | – | – | – | – | Yes |
Rodriguez-Idigoras, (128) 2009 | CDSS Nurse Physician | Telephone | Smart device Telephone | – | Yes | – | – | – | – | – |
Glasgow, (77) 2005 | Care manager | Telephone | Telephone | Twice yearly | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Maljanian, (106) 2005 | Nurse Nutritionist | Telephone | – | Weekly | Yes | – | Yes | – | – | Yes |
Young, (155) 2005 | Nurse Telecarer | Telephone | – | 3 groups: Every 3 mo Every 2 mo Monthly | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | Yes |
Montori, (21) 2004 | Nurse | Telephone | Smart device | Every 2 wk | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | – |
Wolf, (152) 2004 | Care manager | Telephone | – | Monthly | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Kim, (97) 2003 | Nurse Dietitian | Telephone | – | Twice weekly then weekly | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Biermann, (54) 2002 | Physician | Telephone | Smart device | – | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | – |
Thompson, (139) 1999 | Nurse | Telephone | Telephone | 3 times weekly | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | – |
Weinberger, (148) 1995 | Nurse | Telephone | – | Monthly | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |
Ahring, (47) 1992 | Research team | Telephone | Smart device | Weekly | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | – | Yes |
Luley, (104) 2014 | CDSS Research team | Letter | Smart device | Weekly | – | – | Yes | Yes | – | Yes |