Research
Surveillance report of Zika virus among Canadian travellers returning from the Americas
Andrea K. Boggild, Jennifer Geduld, Michael Libman, Cedric P. Yansouni, Anne E. McCarthy, Jan Hajek, Wayne Ghesquiere, Yazdan Mirzanejad, Jean Vincelette, Susan Kuhn, Pierre J. Plourde, Sumontra Chakrabarti, David O. Freedman and Kevin C. Kain
CMAJ March 06, 2017 189 (9) E334-E340; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.161241
Andrea K. Boggild
Department of Medicine (Boggild, Chakrabarti, Kain), Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network and University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratories (Boggild), Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ont.; Office of Border and Travel Health (Geduld), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; The J.D. MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases (Libman, Yansouni), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Tropical Medicine and International Health Clinic (McCarthy), Division of Infectious Diseases, Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Hajek, Mirzanejad), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infectious Diseases (Ghesquiere), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Department of Medicine (Ghesquiere), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Fraser Health (Mirzanejad), Surrey, BC; Hôpital Saint-Luc du CHUM (Vincelette), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Kuhn), Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Travel Health and Tropical Medicine Services (Plourde), Population and Public Health Program, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, Man.; Trillium Health Partners (Chakrabarti), Mississauga, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Freedman), Center for Geographic Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala.; SAR Laboratories (Kain), Sandra Rotman Centre, Toronto, Ont.
Jennifer Geduld
Department of Medicine (Boggild, Chakrabarti, Kain), Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network and University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratories (Boggild), Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ont.; Office of Border and Travel Health (Geduld), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; The J.D. MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases (Libman, Yansouni), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Tropical Medicine and International Health Clinic (McCarthy), Division of Infectious Diseases, Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Hajek, Mirzanejad), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infectious Diseases (Ghesquiere), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Department of Medicine (Ghesquiere), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Fraser Health (Mirzanejad), Surrey, BC; Hôpital Saint-Luc du CHUM (Vincelette), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Kuhn), Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Travel Health and Tropical Medicine Services (Plourde), Population and Public Health Program, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, Man.; Trillium Health Partners (Chakrabarti), Mississauga, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Freedman), Center for Geographic Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala.; SAR Laboratories (Kain), Sandra Rotman Centre, Toronto, Ont.
Michael Libman
Department of Medicine (Boggild, Chakrabarti, Kain), Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network and University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratories (Boggild), Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ont.; Office of Border and Travel Health (Geduld), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; The J.D. MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases (Libman, Yansouni), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Tropical Medicine and International Health Clinic (McCarthy), Division of Infectious Diseases, Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Hajek, Mirzanejad), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infectious Diseases (Ghesquiere), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Department of Medicine (Ghesquiere), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Fraser Health (Mirzanejad), Surrey, BC; Hôpital Saint-Luc du CHUM (Vincelette), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Kuhn), Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Travel Health and Tropical Medicine Services (Plourde), Population and Public Health Program, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, Man.; Trillium Health Partners (Chakrabarti), Mississauga, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Freedman), Center for Geographic Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala.; SAR Laboratories (Kain), Sandra Rotman Centre, Toronto, Ont.
Cedric P. Yansouni
Department of Medicine (Boggild, Chakrabarti, Kain), Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network and University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratories (Boggild), Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ont.; Office of Border and Travel Health (Geduld), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; The J.D. MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases (Libman, Yansouni), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Tropical Medicine and International Health Clinic (McCarthy), Division of Infectious Diseases, Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Hajek, Mirzanejad), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infectious Diseases (Ghesquiere), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Department of Medicine (Ghesquiere), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Fraser Health (Mirzanejad), Surrey, BC; Hôpital Saint-Luc du CHUM (Vincelette), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Kuhn), Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Travel Health and Tropical Medicine Services (Plourde), Population and Public Health Program, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, Man.; Trillium Health Partners (Chakrabarti), Mississauga, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Freedman), Center for Geographic Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala.; SAR Laboratories (Kain), Sandra Rotman Centre, Toronto, Ont.
Anne E. McCarthy
Department of Medicine (Boggild, Chakrabarti, Kain), Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network and University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratories (Boggild), Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ont.; Office of Border and Travel Health (Geduld), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; The J.D. MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases (Libman, Yansouni), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Tropical Medicine and International Health Clinic (McCarthy), Division of Infectious Diseases, Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Hajek, Mirzanejad), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infectious Diseases (Ghesquiere), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Department of Medicine (Ghesquiere), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Fraser Health (Mirzanejad), Surrey, BC; Hôpital Saint-Luc du CHUM (Vincelette), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Kuhn), Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Travel Health and Tropical Medicine Services (Plourde), Population and Public Health Program, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, Man.; Trillium Health Partners (Chakrabarti), Mississauga, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Freedman), Center for Geographic Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala.; SAR Laboratories (Kain), Sandra Rotman Centre, Toronto, Ont.
Jan Hajek
Department of Medicine (Boggild, Chakrabarti, Kain), Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network and University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratories (Boggild), Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ont.; Office of Border and Travel Health (Geduld), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; The J.D. MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases (Libman, Yansouni), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Tropical Medicine and International Health Clinic (McCarthy), Division of Infectious Diseases, Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Hajek, Mirzanejad), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infectious Diseases (Ghesquiere), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Department of Medicine (Ghesquiere), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Fraser Health (Mirzanejad), Surrey, BC; Hôpital Saint-Luc du CHUM (Vincelette), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Kuhn), Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Travel Health and Tropical Medicine Services (Plourde), Population and Public Health Program, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, Man.; Trillium Health Partners (Chakrabarti), Mississauga, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Freedman), Center for Geographic Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala.; SAR Laboratories (Kain), Sandra Rotman Centre, Toronto, Ont.
Wayne Ghesquiere
Department of Medicine (Boggild, Chakrabarti, Kain), Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network and University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratories (Boggild), Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ont.; Office of Border and Travel Health (Geduld), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; The J.D. MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases (Libman, Yansouni), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Tropical Medicine and International Health Clinic (McCarthy), Division of Infectious Diseases, Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Hajek, Mirzanejad), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infectious Diseases (Ghesquiere), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Department of Medicine (Ghesquiere), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Fraser Health (Mirzanejad), Surrey, BC; Hôpital Saint-Luc du CHUM (Vincelette), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Kuhn), Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Travel Health and Tropical Medicine Services (Plourde), Population and Public Health Program, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, Man.; Trillium Health Partners (Chakrabarti), Mississauga, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Freedman), Center for Geographic Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala.; SAR Laboratories (Kain), Sandra Rotman Centre, Toronto, Ont.
Yazdan Mirzanejad
Department of Medicine (Boggild, Chakrabarti, Kain), Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network and University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratories (Boggild), Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ont.; Office of Border and Travel Health (Geduld), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; The J.D. MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases (Libman, Yansouni), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Tropical Medicine and International Health Clinic (McCarthy), Division of Infectious Diseases, Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Hajek, Mirzanejad), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infectious Diseases (Ghesquiere), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Department of Medicine (Ghesquiere), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Fraser Health (Mirzanejad), Surrey, BC; Hôpital Saint-Luc du CHUM (Vincelette), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Kuhn), Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Travel Health and Tropical Medicine Services (Plourde), Population and Public Health Program, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, Man.; Trillium Health Partners (Chakrabarti), Mississauga, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Freedman), Center for Geographic Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala.; SAR Laboratories (Kain), Sandra Rotman Centre, Toronto, Ont.
Jean Vincelette
Department of Medicine (Boggild, Chakrabarti, Kain), Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network and University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratories (Boggild), Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ont.; Office of Border and Travel Health (Geduld), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; The J.D. MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases (Libman, Yansouni), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Tropical Medicine and International Health Clinic (McCarthy), Division of Infectious Diseases, Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Hajek, Mirzanejad), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infectious Diseases (Ghesquiere), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Department of Medicine (Ghesquiere), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Fraser Health (Mirzanejad), Surrey, BC; Hôpital Saint-Luc du CHUM (Vincelette), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Kuhn), Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Travel Health and Tropical Medicine Services (Plourde), Population and Public Health Program, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, Man.; Trillium Health Partners (Chakrabarti), Mississauga, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Freedman), Center for Geographic Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala.; SAR Laboratories (Kain), Sandra Rotman Centre, Toronto, Ont.
Susan Kuhn
Department of Medicine (Boggild, Chakrabarti, Kain), Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network and University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratories (Boggild), Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ont.; Office of Border and Travel Health (Geduld), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; The J.D. MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases (Libman, Yansouni), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Tropical Medicine and International Health Clinic (McCarthy), Division of Infectious Diseases, Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Hajek, Mirzanejad), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infectious Diseases (Ghesquiere), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Department of Medicine (Ghesquiere), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Fraser Health (Mirzanejad), Surrey, BC; Hôpital Saint-Luc du CHUM (Vincelette), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Kuhn), Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Travel Health and Tropical Medicine Services (Plourde), Population and Public Health Program, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, Man.; Trillium Health Partners (Chakrabarti), Mississauga, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Freedman), Center for Geographic Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala.; SAR Laboratories (Kain), Sandra Rotman Centre, Toronto, Ont.
Pierre J. Plourde
Department of Medicine (Boggild, Chakrabarti, Kain), Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network and University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratories (Boggild), Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ont.; Office of Border and Travel Health (Geduld), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; The J.D. MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases (Libman, Yansouni), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Tropical Medicine and International Health Clinic (McCarthy), Division of Infectious Diseases, Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Hajek, Mirzanejad), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infectious Diseases (Ghesquiere), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Department of Medicine (Ghesquiere), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Fraser Health (Mirzanejad), Surrey, BC; Hôpital Saint-Luc du CHUM (Vincelette), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Kuhn), Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Travel Health and Tropical Medicine Services (Plourde), Population and Public Health Program, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, Man.; Trillium Health Partners (Chakrabarti), Mississauga, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Freedman), Center for Geographic Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala.; SAR Laboratories (Kain), Sandra Rotman Centre, Toronto, Ont.
Sumontra Chakrabarti
Department of Medicine (Boggild, Chakrabarti, Kain), Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network and University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratories (Boggild), Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ont.; Office of Border and Travel Health (Geduld), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; The J.D. MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases (Libman, Yansouni), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Tropical Medicine and International Health Clinic (McCarthy), Division of Infectious Diseases, Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Hajek, Mirzanejad), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infectious Diseases (Ghesquiere), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Department of Medicine (Ghesquiere), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Fraser Health (Mirzanejad), Surrey, BC; Hôpital Saint-Luc du CHUM (Vincelette), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Kuhn), Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Travel Health and Tropical Medicine Services (Plourde), Population and Public Health Program, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, Man.; Trillium Health Partners (Chakrabarti), Mississauga, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Freedman), Center for Geographic Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala.; SAR Laboratories (Kain), Sandra Rotman Centre, Toronto, Ont.
David O. Freedman
Department of Medicine (Boggild, Chakrabarti, Kain), Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network and University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratories (Boggild), Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ont.; Office of Border and Travel Health (Geduld), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; The J.D. MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases (Libman, Yansouni), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Tropical Medicine and International Health Clinic (McCarthy), Division of Infectious Diseases, Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Hajek, Mirzanejad), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infectious Diseases (Ghesquiere), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Department of Medicine (Ghesquiere), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Fraser Health (Mirzanejad), Surrey, BC; Hôpital Saint-Luc du CHUM (Vincelette), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Kuhn), Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Travel Health and Tropical Medicine Services (Plourde), Population and Public Health Program, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, Man.; Trillium Health Partners (Chakrabarti), Mississauga, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Freedman), Center for Geographic Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala.; SAR Laboratories (Kain), Sandra Rotman Centre, Toronto, Ont.
Kevin C. Kain
Department of Medicine (Boggild, Chakrabarti, Kain), Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network and University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratories (Boggild), Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ont.; Office of Border and Travel Health (Geduld), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; The J.D. MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases (Libman, Yansouni), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Tropical Medicine and International Health Clinic (McCarthy), Division of Infectious Diseases, Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Hajek, Mirzanejad), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infectious Diseases (Ghesquiere), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Department of Medicine (Ghesquiere), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Fraser Health (Mirzanejad), Surrey, BC; Hôpital Saint-Luc du CHUM (Vincelette), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Kuhn), Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Travel Health and Tropical Medicine Services (Plourde), Population and Public Health Program, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, Man.; Trillium Health Partners (Chakrabarti), Mississauga, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Freedman), Center for Geographic Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala.; SAR Laboratories (Kain), Sandra Rotman Centre, Toronto, Ont.
Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1:
Distribution of 41 cases of Zika virus infection by month of acquisition among ill travellers presenting for care at a CanTravNet site from October 2015 to September 2016.
Tables
- Table 1:
Demographic characteristics of 41 ill travellers presenting to a CanTravNet site for care of Zika virus acquired in the Americas, October 2015 to September 2016*
Characteristic Acquisition period; no. (%) of travellers with Zika virus infection† p value‡ Total
n = 41October 2015 to March 2016
n = 13April to September 2016
n = 28Sex 0.7 Male 17 (41) 6 (46) 11 (39) Female 24 (59) 7 (54) 17 (61) Age, yr, median (range) 36 (13–70) 36 (18–54) 35 (13–70) 0.8 Reason for travel Tourism 17 (41) 4 (31) 13 (46) 0.5 Visiting friends and relatives 15 (37) 7 (54) 8 (29) 0.2 Business 4 (10) 0 (0) 4 (14) 0.3 Missionary/aid work 4 (10) 2 (15) 2 (7) 0.6 Education 1 (2) 0 (0) 1 (4) 1.0 Region of acquisition Caribbean 22 (54) 4 (31) 18 (64) 0.09 Central America 10 (24) 2 (15) 8 (29) 0.5 South America 8 (20) 7 (54) 1 (4) < 0.001 North America 1 (2) 0 (0) 1 (4) 1.0 ↵* The total cohort comprised 1118 travellers returning from the Americas between Oct. 1, 2015, and Sept. 30, 2016.
↵† Unless stated otherwise.
↵‡ Comparison between first half of study period (October 2015 to March 2016) and latter half (April to September 2016). Categorical variables were compared by means of Fisher exact test, and continuous variables were compared by means of Mann–Whitney Rank sum test.
- Table 2:
Presenting symptoms of ill travellers with Zika virus infection or dengue who presented to a CanTravNet site, October 2015 to September 2016
Symptom Diagnosis; no. (%) of travellers Zika virus
n = 41Dengue
n = 41Any rash 36 (88) 15 (37) Fever 33 (80) 36 (88) Diffuse rash 29 (71) 12 (29) Arthralgia 22 (54) 12 (29) Myalgia 19 (46) 20 (49) Fatigue 19 (46) 9 (22) Headache 17 (41) 18 (44) Focal rash 7 (17) 3 (7) Conjunctivitis 5 (12) 0 (0) Diarrhea 5 (12) 7 (17) Cough 4 (10) 4 (10) Arthritis 3 (7) 2 (5) Paresthesia 2 (5) 0 (0) Dyspnea 1 (2) 1 (2) Epididymitis 1 (2) 0 (0) Sore throat 1 (2) 0 (0) Nausea 1 (2) 4 (10)
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Surveillance report of Zika virus among Canadian travellers returning from the Americas
Andrea K. Boggild, Jennifer Geduld, Michael Libman, Cedric P. Yansouni, Anne E. McCarthy, Jan Hajek, Wayne Ghesquiere, Yazdan Mirzanejad, Jean Vincelette, Susan Kuhn, Pierre J. Plourde, Sumontra Chakrabarti, David O. Freedman, Kevin C. Kain
CMAJ Mar 2017, 189 (9) E334-E340; DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.161241
Surveillance report of Zika virus among Canadian travellers returning from the Americas
Andrea K. Boggild, Jennifer Geduld, Michael Libman, Cedric P. Yansouni, Anne E. McCarthy, Jan Hajek, Wayne Ghesquiere, Yazdan Mirzanejad, Jean Vincelette, Susan Kuhn, Pierre J. Plourde, Sumontra Chakrabarti, David O. Freedman, Kevin C. Kain
CMAJ Mar 2017, 189 (9) E334-E340; DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.161241
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