Research
The added value of C-reactive protein measurement in diagnosing pneumonia in primary care: a meta-analysis of individual patient data
Margaretha C. Minnaard, Joris A.H. de Groot, Rogier M. Hopstaken, Alwin Schierenberg, Niek J. de Wit, Johannes B. Reitsma, Berna D.L. Broekhuizen, Saskia F. van Vugt, Arie Knuistingh Neven, Aleida W. Graffelman, Hasse Melbye, Timothy H. Rainer, Johann Steurer, Anette Holm, Ralph Gonzales, Geert-Jan Dinant, Alma C. van de Pol and Theo J.M. Verheij
CMAJ January 16, 2017 189 (2) E56-E63; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.151163
Margaretha C. Minnaard
University Medical Center Utrecht (Minnaard, de Groot, Schierenberg, de Wit, Reitsma, Broekhuizen, van Vugt, van de Pol, Verheij), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Saltro Diagnostic Center for Primary Care (Hopstaken), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (Knuistingh Neven, Graffelman), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Community Medicine (Melbye), UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Chinese University of Hong Kong (Rainer), Hong Kong, China; Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer (Steurer), University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases (Holm), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of General Internal Medicine (Gonzales), University of California, San Francisco, Calif.; Department of Family Medicine (Dinant), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
MDJoris A.H. de Groot
University Medical Center Utrecht (Minnaard, de Groot, Schierenberg, de Wit, Reitsma, Broekhuizen, van Vugt, van de Pol, Verheij), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Saltro Diagnostic Center for Primary Care (Hopstaken), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (Knuistingh Neven, Graffelman), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Community Medicine (Melbye), UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Chinese University of Hong Kong (Rainer), Hong Kong, China; Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer (Steurer), University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases (Holm), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of General Internal Medicine (Gonzales), University of California, San Francisco, Calif.; Department of Family Medicine (Dinant), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
PhDRogier M. Hopstaken
University Medical Center Utrecht (Minnaard, de Groot, Schierenberg, de Wit, Reitsma, Broekhuizen, van Vugt, van de Pol, Verheij), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Saltro Diagnostic Center for Primary Care (Hopstaken), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (Knuistingh Neven, Graffelman), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Community Medicine (Melbye), UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Chinese University of Hong Kong (Rainer), Hong Kong, China; Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer (Steurer), University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases (Holm), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of General Internal Medicine (Gonzales), University of California, San Francisco, Calif.; Department of Family Medicine (Dinant), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
MD PhDAlwin Schierenberg
University Medical Center Utrecht (Minnaard, de Groot, Schierenberg, de Wit, Reitsma, Broekhuizen, van Vugt, van de Pol, Verheij), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Saltro Diagnostic Center for Primary Care (Hopstaken), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (Knuistingh Neven, Graffelman), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Community Medicine (Melbye), UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Chinese University of Hong Kong (Rainer), Hong Kong, China; Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer (Steurer), University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases (Holm), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of General Internal Medicine (Gonzales), University of California, San Francisco, Calif.; Department of Family Medicine (Dinant), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
MDNiek J. de Wit
University Medical Center Utrecht (Minnaard, de Groot, Schierenberg, de Wit, Reitsma, Broekhuizen, van Vugt, van de Pol, Verheij), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Saltro Diagnostic Center for Primary Care (Hopstaken), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (Knuistingh Neven, Graffelman), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Community Medicine (Melbye), UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Chinese University of Hong Kong (Rainer), Hong Kong, China; Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer (Steurer), University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases (Holm), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of General Internal Medicine (Gonzales), University of California, San Francisco, Calif.; Department of Family Medicine (Dinant), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
MD PhDJohannes B. Reitsma
University Medical Center Utrecht (Minnaard, de Groot, Schierenberg, de Wit, Reitsma, Broekhuizen, van Vugt, van de Pol, Verheij), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Saltro Diagnostic Center for Primary Care (Hopstaken), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (Knuistingh Neven, Graffelman), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Community Medicine (Melbye), UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Chinese University of Hong Kong (Rainer), Hong Kong, China; Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer (Steurer), University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases (Holm), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of General Internal Medicine (Gonzales), University of California, San Francisco, Calif.; Department of Family Medicine (Dinant), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
MD PhDBerna D.L. Broekhuizen
University Medical Center Utrecht (Minnaard, de Groot, Schierenberg, de Wit, Reitsma, Broekhuizen, van Vugt, van de Pol, Verheij), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Saltro Diagnostic Center for Primary Care (Hopstaken), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (Knuistingh Neven, Graffelman), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Community Medicine (Melbye), UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Chinese University of Hong Kong (Rainer), Hong Kong, China; Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer (Steurer), University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases (Holm), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of General Internal Medicine (Gonzales), University of California, San Francisco, Calif.; Department of Family Medicine (Dinant), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
MD PhDSaskia F. van Vugt
University Medical Center Utrecht (Minnaard, de Groot, Schierenberg, de Wit, Reitsma, Broekhuizen, van Vugt, van de Pol, Verheij), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Saltro Diagnostic Center for Primary Care (Hopstaken), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (Knuistingh Neven, Graffelman), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Community Medicine (Melbye), UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Chinese University of Hong Kong (Rainer), Hong Kong, China; Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer (Steurer), University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases (Holm), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of General Internal Medicine (Gonzales), University of California, San Francisco, Calif.; Department of Family Medicine (Dinant), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
MD PhDArie Knuistingh Neven
University Medical Center Utrecht (Minnaard, de Groot, Schierenberg, de Wit, Reitsma, Broekhuizen, van Vugt, van de Pol, Verheij), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Saltro Diagnostic Center for Primary Care (Hopstaken), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (Knuistingh Neven, Graffelman), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Community Medicine (Melbye), UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Chinese University of Hong Kong (Rainer), Hong Kong, China; Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer (Steurer), University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases (Holm), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of General Internal Medicine (Gonzales), University of California, San Francisco, Calif.; Department of Family Medicine (Dinant), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
MD PhDAleida W. Graffelman
University Medical Center Utrecht (Minnaard, de Groot, Schierenberg, de Wit, Reitsma, Broekhuizen, van Vugt, van de Pol, Verheij), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Saltro Diagnostic Center for Primary Care (Hopstaken), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (Knuistingh Neven, Graffelman), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Community Medicine (Melbye), UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Chinese University of Hong Kong (Rainer), Hong Kong, China; Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer (Steurer), University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases (Holm), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of General Internal Medicine (Gonzales), University of California, San Francisco, Calif.; Department of Family Medicine (Dinant), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
MD PhDHasse Melbye
University Medical Center Utrecht (Minnaard, de Groot, Schierenberg, de Wit, Reitsma, Broekhuizen, van Vugt, van de Pol, Verheij), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Saltro Diagnostic Center for Primary Care (Hopstaken), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (Knuistingh Neven, Graffelman), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Community Medicine (Melbye), UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Chinese University of Hong Kong (Rainer), Hong Kong, China; Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer (Steurer), University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases (Holm), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of General Internal Medicine (Gonzales), University of California, San Francisco, Calif.; Department of Family Medicine (Dinant), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
MD PhDTimothy H. Rainer
University Medical Center Utrecht (Minnaard, de Groot, Schierenberg, de Wit, Reitsma, Broekhuizen, van Vugt, van de Pol, Verheij), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Saltro Diagnostic Center for Primary Care (Hopstaken), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (Knuistingh Neven, Graffelman), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Community Medicine (Melbye), UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Chinese University of Hong Kong (Rainer), Hong Kong, China; Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer (Steurer), University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases (Holm), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of General Internal Medicine (Gonzales), University of California, San Francisco, Calif.; Department of Family Medicine (Dinant), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
MD PhDJohann Steurer
University Medical Center Utrecht (Minnaard, de Groot, Schierenberg, de Wit, Reitsma, Broekhuizen, van Vugt, van de Pol, Verheij), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Saltro Diagnostic Center for Primary Care (Hopstaken), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (Knuistingh Neven, Graffelman), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Community Medicine (Melbye), UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Chinese University of Hong Kong (Rainer), Hong Kong, China; Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer (Steurer), University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases (Holm), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of General Internal Medicine (Gonzales), University of California, San Francisco, Calif.; Department of Family Medicine (Dinant), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
MD PhDAnette Holm
University Medical Center Utrecht (Minnaard, de Groot, Schierenberg, de Wit, Reitsma, Broekhuizen, van Vugt, van de Pol, Verheij), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Saltro Diagnostic Center for Primary Care (Hopstaken), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (Knuistingh Neven, Graffelman), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Community Medicine (Melbye), UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Chinese University of Hong Kong (Rainer), Hong Kong, China; Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer (Steurer), University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases (Holm), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of General Internal Medicine (Gonzales), University of California, San Francisco, Calif.; Department of Family Medicine (Dinant), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
MD PhDRalph Gonzales
University Medical Center Utrecht (Minnaard, de Groot, Schierenberg, de Wit, Reitsma, Broekhuizen, van Vugt, van de Pol, Verheij), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Saltro Diagnostic Center for Primary Care (Hopstaken), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (Knuistingh Neven, Graffelman), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Community Medicine (Melbye), UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Chinese University of Hong Kong (Rainer), Hong Kong, China; Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer (Steurer), University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases (Holm), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of General Internal Medicine (Gonzales), University of California, San Francisco, Calif.; Department of Family Medicine (Dinant), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
MD MSPHGeert-Jan Dinant
University Medical Center Utrecht (Minnaard, de Groot, Schierenberg, de Wit, Reitsma, Broekhuizen, van Vugt, van de Pol, Verheij), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Saltro Diagnostic Center for Primary Care (Hopstaken), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (Knuistingh Neven, Graffelman), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Community Medicine (Melbye), UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Chinese University of Hong Kong (Rainer), Hong Kong, China; Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer (Steurer), University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases (Holm), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of General Internal Medicine (Gonzales), University of California, San Francisco, Calif.; Department of Family Medicine (Dinant), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
MD PhDAlma C. van de Pol
University Medical Center Utrecht (Minnaard, de Groot, Schierenberg, de Wit, Reitsma, Broekhuizen, van Vugt, van de Pol, Verheij), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Saltro Diagnostic Center for Primary Care (Hopstaken), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (Knuistingh Neven, Graffelman), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Community Medicine (Melbye), UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Chinese University of Hong Kong (Rainer), Hong Kong, China; Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer (Steurer), University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases (Holm), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of General Internal Medicine (Gonzales), University of California, San Francisco, Calif.; Department of Family Medicine (Dinant), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
MD PhDTheo J.M. Verheij
University Medical Center Utrecht (Minnaard, de Groot, Schierenberg, de Wit, Reitsma, Broekhuizen, van Vugt, van de Pol, Verheij), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Saltro Diagnostic Center for Primary Care (Hopstaken), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (Knuistingh Neven, Graffelman), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Community Medicine (Melbye), UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Chinese University of Hong Kong (Rainer), Hong Kong, China; Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer (Steurer), University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases (Holm), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of General Internal Medicine (Gonzales), University of California, San Francisco, Calif.; Department of Family Medicine (Dinant), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
MD PhDArticle Information
vol. 189 no. 2 E56-E63
PubMed
History
- Received September 19, 2016
- Accepted May 12, 2016
- Published online January 16, 2017.
Article Versions
- Latest version (September 19, 2016 - 08:37).
- You are viewing the most recent version of this article.
Copyright & Usage
© 2017 Canadian Medical Association or its licensors
Author Information
- Margaretha C. Minnaard, MD⇑,
- Joris A.H. de Groot, PhD,
- Rogier M. Hopstaken, MD PhD,
- Alwin Schierenberg, MD,
- Niek J. de Wit, MD PhD,
- Johannes B. Reitsma, MD PhD,
- Berna D.L. Broekhuizen, MD PhD,
- Saskia F. van Vugt, MD PhD,
- Arie Knuistingh Neven, MD PhD,
- Aleida W. Graffelman, MD PhD,
- Hasse Melbye, MD PhD,
- Timothy H. Rainer, MD PhD,
- Johann Steurer, MD PhD,
- Anette Holm, MD PhD,
- Ralph Gonzales, MD MSPH,
- Geert-Jan Dinant, MD PhD,
- Alma C. van de Pol, MD PhD,
- Theo J.M. Verheij, MD PhD
- University Medical Center Utrecht (Minnaard, de Groot, Schierenberg, de Wit, Reitsma, Broekhuizen, van Vugt, van de Pol, Verheij), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Saltro Diagnostic Center for Primary Care (Hopstaken), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (Knuistingh Neven, Graffelman), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Community Medicine (Melbye), UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Chinese University of Hong Kong (Rainer), Hong Kong, China; Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer (Steurer), University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases (Holm), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of General Internal Medicine (Gonzales), University of California, San Francisco, Calif.; Department of Family Medicine (Dinant), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Correspondence to: Margaretha Minnaard, m.c.minnaard{at}umcutrecht.nl
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The added value of C-reactive protein measurement in diagnosing pneumonia in primary care: a meta-analysis of individual patient data
Margaretha C. Minnaard, Joris A.H. de Groot, Rogier M. Hopstaken, Alwin Schierenberg, Niek J. de Wit, Johannes B. Reitsma, Berna D.L. Broekhuizen, Saskia F. van Vugt, Arie Knuistingh Neven, Aleida W. Graffelman, Hasse Melbye, Timothy H. Rainer, Johann Steurer, Anette Holm, Ralph Gonzales, Geert-Jan Dinant, Alma C. van de Pol, Theo J.M. Verheij
CMAJ Jan 2017, 189 (2) E56-E63; DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.151163
The added value of C-reactive protein measurement in diagnosing pneumonia in primary care: a meta-analysis of individual patient data
Margaretha C. Minnaard, Joris A.H. de Groot, Rogier M. Hopstaken, Alwin Schierenberg, Niek J. de Wit, Johannes B. Reitsma, Berna D.L. Broekhuizen, Saskia F. van Vugt, Arie Knuistingh Neven, Aleida W. Graffelman, Hasse Melbye, Timothy H. Rainer, Johann Steurer, Anette Holm, Ralph Gonzales, Geert-Jan Dinant, Alma C. van de Pol, Theo J.M. Verheij
CMAJ Jan 2017, 189 (2) E56-E63; DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.151163
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