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Guidelines

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a guideline for diagnosis across the lifespan

Jocelynn L. Cook, Courtney R. Green, Christine M. Lilley, Sally M. Anderson, Mary Ellen Baldwin, Albert E. Chudley, Julianne L. Conry, Nicole LeBlanc, Christine A. Loock, Jan Lutke, Bernadene F. Mallon, Audrey A. McFarlane, Valerie K. Temple and Ted Rosales; for the Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network
CMAJ February 16, 2016 188 (3) 191-197; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.141593
Jocelynn L. Cook
Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network (Cook, Green, Lutke); Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook, Green), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Cook), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (Green), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children (Lilley), Vancouver, BC; National Institutes of Health (Anderson), Ottawa, Ont.; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Clinic (Baldwin), Child Development Services, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Chudley), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; University of British Columbia (Conry [professor emerita]), Vancouver, BC; Department of Pediatrics (LeBlanc), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Université de Moncton and Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, NB; Department of Pediatrics (Looke), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital (Mallon), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Lakeland Centre for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (McFarlane), Cold Lake, Alta.; Surrey Place Centre (Temple), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Rosales), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Nfld.
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  • For correspondence: jcook@sogc.com
Courtney R. Green
Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network (Cook, Green, Lutke); Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook, Green), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Cook), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (Green), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children (Lilley), Vancouver, BC; National Institutes of Health (Anderson), Ottawa, Ont.; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Clinic (Baldwin), Child Development Services, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Chudley), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; University of British Columbia (Conry [professor emerita]), Vancouver, BC; Department of Pediatrics (LeBlanc), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Université de Moncton and Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, NB; Department of Pediatrics (Looke), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital (Mallon), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Lakeland Centre for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (McFarlane), Cold Lake, Alta.; Surrey Place Centre (Temple), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Rosales), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Nfld.
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Christine M. Lilley
Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network (Cook, Green, Lutke); Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook, Green), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Cook), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (Green), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children (Lilley), Vancouver, BC; National Institutes of Health (Anderson), Ottawa, Ont.; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Clinic (Baldwin), Child Development Services, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Chudley), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; University of British Columbia (Conry [professor emerita]), Vancouver, BC; Department of Pediatrics (LeBlanc), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Université de Moncton and Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, NB; Department of Pediatrics (Looke), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital (Mallon), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Lakeland Centre for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (McFarlane), Cold Lake, Alta.; Surrey Place Centre (Temple), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Rosales), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Nfld.
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Sally M. Anderson
Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network (Cook, Green, Lutke); Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook, Green), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Cook), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (Green), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children (Lilley), Vancouver, BC; National Institutes of Health (Anderson), Ottawa, Ont.; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Clinic (Baldwin), Child Development Services, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Chudley), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; University of British Columbia (Conry [professor emerita]), Vancouver, BC; Department of Pediatrics (LeBlanc), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Université de Moncton and Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, NB; Department of Pediatrics (Looke), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital (Mallon), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Lakeland Centre for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (McFarlane), Cold Lake, Alta.; Surrey Place Centre (Temple), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Rosales), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Nfld.
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Mary Ellen Baldwin
Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network (Cook, Green, Lutke); Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook, Green), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Cook), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (Green), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children (Lilley), Vancouver, BC; National Institutes of Health (Anderson), Ottawa, Ont.; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Clinic (Baldwin), Child Development Services, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Chudley), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; University of British Columbia (Conry [professor emerita]), Vancouver, BC; Department of Pediatrics (LeBlanc), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Université de Moncton and Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, NB; Department of Pediatrics (Looke), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital (Mallon), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Lakeland Centre for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (McFarlane), Cold Lake, Alta.; Surrey Place Centre (Temple), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Rosales), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Nfld.
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Albert E. Chudley
Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network (Cook, Green, Lutke); Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook, Green), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Cook), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (Green), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children (Lilley), Vancouver, BC; National Institutes of Health (Anderson), Ottawa, Ont.; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Clinic (Baldwin), Child Development Services, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Chudley), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; University of British Columbia (Conry [professor emerita]), Vancouver, BC; Department of Pediatrics (LeBlanc), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Université de Moncton and Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, NB; Department of Pediatrics (Looke), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital (Mallon), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Lakeland Centre for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (McFarlane), Cold Lake, Alta.; Surrey Place Centre (Temple), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Rosales), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Nfld.
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Julianne L. Conry
Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network (Cook, Green, Lutke); Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook, Green), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Cook), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (Green), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children (Lilley), Vancouver, BC; National Institutes of Health (Anderson), Ottawa, Ont.; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Clinic (Baldwin), Child Development Services, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Chudley), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; University of British Columbia (Conry [professor emerita]), Vancouver, BC; Department of Pediatrics (LeBlanc), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Université de Moncton and Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, NB; Department of Pediatrics (Looke), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital (Mallon), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Lakeland Centre for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (McFarlane), Cold Lake, Alta.; Surrey Place Centre (Temple), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Rosales), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Nfld.
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Nicole LeBlanc
Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network (Cook, Green, Lutke); Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook, Green), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Cook), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (Green), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children (Lilley), Vancouver, BC; National Institutes of Health (Anderson), Ottawa, Ont.; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Clinic (Baldwin), Child Development Services, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Chudley), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; University of British Columbia (Conry [professor emerita]), Vancouver, BC; Department of Pediatrics (LeBlanc), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Université de Moncton and Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, NB; Department of Pediatrics (Looke), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital (Mallon), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Lakeland Centre for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (McFarlane), Cold Lake, Alta.; Surrey Place Centre (Temple), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Rosales), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Nfld.
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Christine A. Loock
Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network (Cook, Green, Lutke); Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook, Green), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Cook), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (Green), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children (Lilley), Vancouver, BC; National Institutes of Health (Anderson), Ottawa, Ont.; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Clinic (Baldwin), Child Development Services, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Chudley), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; University of British Columbia (Conry [professor emerita]), Vancouver, BC; Department of Pediatrics (LeBlanc), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Université de Moncton and Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, NB; Department of Pediatrics (Looke), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital (Mallon), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Lakeland Centre for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (McFarlane), Cold Lake, Alta.; Surrey Place Centre (Temple), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Rosales), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Nfld.
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Jan Lutke
Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network (Cook, Green, Lutke); Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook, Green), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Cook), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (Green), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children (Lilley), Vancouver, BC; National Institutes of Health (Anderson), Ottawa, Ont.; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Clinic (Baldwin), Child Development Services, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Chudley), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; University of British Columbia (Conry [professor emerita]), Vancouver, BC; Department of Pediatrics (LeBlanc), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Université de Moncton and Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, NB; Department of Pediatrics (Looke), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital (Mallon), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Lakeland Centre for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (McFarlane), Cold Lake, Alta.; Surrey Place Centre (Temple), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Rosales), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Nfld.
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Bernadene F. Mallon
Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network (Cook, Green, Lutke); Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook, Green), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Cook), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (Green), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children (Lilley), Vancouver, BC; National Institutes of Health (Anderson), Ottawa, Ont.; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Clinic (Baldwin), Child Development Services, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Chudley), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; University of British Columbia (Conry [professor emerita]), Vancouver, BC; Department of Pediatrics (LeBlanc), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Université de Moncton and Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, NB; Department of Pediatrics (Looke), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital (Mallon), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Lakeland Centre for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (McFarlane), Cold Lake, Alta.; Surrey Place Centre (Temple), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Rosales), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Nfld.
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Audrey A. McFarlane
Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network (Cook, Green, Lutke); Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook, Green), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Cook), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (Green), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children (Lilley), Vancouver, BC; National Institutes of Health (Anderson), Ottawa, Ont.; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Clinic (Baldwin), Child Development Services, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Chudley), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; University of British Columbia (Conry [professor emerita]), Vancouver, BC; Department of Pediatrics (LeBlanc), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Université de Moncton and Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, NB; Department of Pediatrics (Looke), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital (Mallon), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Lakeland Centre for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (McFarlane), Cold Lake, Alta.; Surrey Place Centre (Temple), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Rosales), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Nfld.
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Valerie K. Temple
Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network (Cook, Green, Lutke); Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook, Green), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Cook), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (Green), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children (Lilley), Vancouver, BC; National Institutes of Health (Anderson), Ottawa, Ont.; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Clinic (Baldwin), Child Development Services, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Chudley), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; University of British Columbia (Conry [professor emerita]), Vancouver, BC; Department of Pediatrics (LeBlanc), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Université de Moncton and Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, NB; Department of Pediatrics (Looke), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital (Mallon), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Lakeland Centre for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (McFarlane), Cold Lake, Alta.; Surrey Place Centre (Temple), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Rosales), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Nfld.
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Ted Rosales
Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network (Cook, Green, Lutke); Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook, Green), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Cook), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (Green), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children (Lilley), Vancouver, BC; National Institutes of Health (Anderson), Ottawa, Ont.; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Clinic (Baldwin), Child Development Services, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Chudley), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; University of British Columbia (Conry [professor emerita]), Vancouver, BC; Department of Pediatrics (LeBlanc), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Université de Moncton and Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, NB; Department of Pediatrics (Looke), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital (Mallon), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Lakeland Centre for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (McFarlane), Cold Lake, Alta.; Surrey Place Centre (Temple), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Rosales), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Nfld.
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Article Information

vol. 188 no. 3 191-197
DOI 
https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.141593
PubMed 
26668194
History 
  • Published online February 16, 2016.

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  • Latest version (December 14, 2015 - 08:24).
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Copyright & Usage 
© 2016 8872147 Canada Inc. or its licensors

Author Information

  1. Jocelynn L. Cook, PhD⇑,
  2. Courtney R. Green, PhD,
  3. Christine M. Lilley, PhD,
  4. Sally M. Anderson, PhD,
  5. Mary Ellen Baldwin,
  6. Albert E. Chudley, MD,
  7. Julianne L. Conry, PhD,
  8. Nicole LeBlanc, MD,
  9. Christine A. Loock, MD,
  10. Jan Lutke,
  11. Bernadene F. Mallon, MSW,
  12. Audrey A. McFarlane, MBA,
  13. Valerie K. Temple, PhD,
  14. Ted Rosales, MD
  15. for the Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network
  1. Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network (Cook, Green, Lutke); Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook, Green), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Cook), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (Green), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children (Lilley), Vancouver, BC; National Institutes of Health (Anderson), Ottawa, Ont.; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Clinic (Baldwin), Child Development Services, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Chudley), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; University of British Columbia (Conry [professor emerita]), Vancouver, BC; Department of Pediatrics (LeBlanc), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Université de Moncton and Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, NB; Department of Pediatrics (Looke), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital (Mallon), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Lakeland Centre for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (McFarlane), Cold Lake, Alta.; Surrey Place Centre (Temple), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Rosales), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Nfld.
  1. Correspondence to: Jocelynn Cook, jcook{at}sogc.com

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Canadian Medical Association Journal: 188 (3)
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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a guideline for diagnosis across the lifespan
Jocelynn L. Cook, Courtney R. Green, Christine M. Lilley, Sally M. Anderson, Mary Ellen Baldwin, Albert E. Chudley, Julianne L. Conry, Nicole LeBlanc, Christine A. Loock, Jan Lutke, Bernadene F. Mallon, Audrey A. McFarlane, Valerie K. Temple, Ted Rosales
CMAJ Feb 2016, 188 (3) 191-197; DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.141593

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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a guideline for diagnosis across the lifespan
Jocelynn L. Cook, Courtney R. Green, Christine M. Lilley, Sally M. Anderson, Mary Ellen Baldwin, Albert E. Chudley, Julianne L. Conry, Nicole LeBlanc, Christine A. Loock, Jan Lutke, Bernadene F. Mallon, Audrey A. McFarlane, Valerie K. Temple, Ted Rosales
CMAJ Feb 2016, 188 (3) 191-197; DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.141593
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  • A modified Delphi study towards developing a guideline to inform policy on fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in South Africa: a study protocol
  • Study protocol for a self-controlled cluster randomised trial of the Alert Program to improve self-regulation and executive function in Australian Aboriginal children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
  • Effectiveness of evidence-based treatments of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in children and adolescents: a systematic review protocol
  • Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and youth justice: a prevalence study among young people sentenced to detention in Western Australia
  • Digital assessment of the fetal alcohol syndrome facial phenotype: reliability and agreement study
  • Comparing diagnostic classification of neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure with the Canadian fetal alcohol spectrum disorder guidelines: a cohort study
  • Functional impairment, not FASD
  • Manitoba mothers and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders study (MBMomsFASD): protocol for a population-based cohort study using linked administrative data
  • Fetal Alcohol Growth Restriction and Cognitive Impairment
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