Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current issue
    • Past issues
    • Early releases
    • Collections
    • Sections
    • Blog
    • Infographics & illustrations
    • Podcasts
    • COVID-19 Articles
  • Authors & Reviewers
    • Overview for authors
    • Submission guidelines
    • Submit a manuscript
    • Forms
    • Editorial process
    • Editorial policies
    • Peer review process
    • Publication fees
    • Reprint requests
    • Open access
    • Patient engagement
  • Members & Subscribers
    • Benefits for CMA Members
    • CPD Credits for Members
    • Subscribe to CMAJ Print
    • Subscription Prices
  • Alerts
    • Email alerts
    • RSS
  • JAMC
    • À propos
    • Numéro en cours
    • Archives
    • Sections
    • Abonnement
    • Alertes
    • Trousse média 2023
  • CMAJ JOURNALS
    • CMAJ Open
    • CJS
    • JAMC
    • JPN

User menu

Search

  • Advanced search
CMAJ
  • CMAJ JOURNALS
    • CMAJ Open
    • CJS
    • JAMC
    • JPN
CMAJ

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current issue
    • Past issues
    • Early releases
    • Collections
    • Sections
    • Blog
    • Infographics & illustrations
    • Podcasts
    • COVID-19 Articles
  • Authors & Reviewers
    • Overview for authors
    • Submission guidelines
    • Submit a manuscript
    • Forms
    • Editorial process
    • Editorial policies
    • Peer review process
    • Publication fees
    • Reprint requests
    • Open access
    • Patient engagement
  • Members & Subscribers
    • Benefits for CMA Members
    • CPD Credits for Members
    • Subscribe to CMAJ Print
    • Subscription Prices
  • Alerts
    • Email alerts
    • RSS
  • JAMC
    • À propos
    • Numéro en cours
    • Archives
    • Sections
    • Abonnement
    • Alertes
    • Trousse média 2023
  • Visit CMAJ on Facebook
  • Follow CMAJ on Twitter
  • Follow CMAJ on Pinterest
  • Follow CMAJ on Youtube
  • Follow CMAJ on Instagram
Research

Effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in preventing admission to hospital and death in people with type 2 diabetes

Eszter P. Vamos, Utz J. Pape, Vasa Curcin, Matthew J. Harris, Jonathan Valabhji, Azeem Majeed and Christopher Millett
CMAJ October 04, 2016 188 (14) E342-E351; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.151059
Eszter P. Vamos
Department of Primary Care & Public Health (Vamos, Pape, Curcin, Harris, Majeed, Millett), Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology (Valabhji), St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: e.vamos@imperial.ac.uk
Utz J. Pape
Department of Primary Care & Public Health (Vamos, Pape, Curcin, Harris, Majeed, Millett), Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology (Valabhji), St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Vasa Curcin
Department of Primary Care & Public Health (Vamos, Pape, Curcin, Harris, Majeed, Millett), Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology (Valabhji), St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Matthew J. Harris
Department of Primary Care & Public Health (Vamos, Pape, Curcin, Harris, Majeed, Millett), Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology (Valabhji), St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Jonathan Valabhji
Department of Primary Care & Public Health (Vamos, Pape, Curcin, Harris, Majeed, Millett), Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology (Valabhji), St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Azeem Majeed
Department of Primary Care & Public Health (Vamos, Pape, Curcin, Harris, Majeed, Millett), Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology (Valabhji), St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Christopher Millett
Department of Primary Care & Public Health (Vamos, Pape, Curcin, Harris, Majeed, Millett), Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology (Valabhji), St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Tables
  • Responses
  • Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

Abstract

Background: The health burden caused by seasonal influenza is substantial. We sought to examine the effectiveness of influenza vaccination against admission to hospital for acute cardiovascular and respiratory conditions and all-cause death in people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using primary and secondary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink in England, over a 7-year period between 2003/04 and 2009/10. We enrolled 124 503 adults with type 2 diabetes. Outcome measures included admission to hospital for acute myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, heart failure or pneumonia/influenza, and death. We fitted Poisson regression models for influenza and off-season periods to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) for cohorts who had and had not received the vaccine. We used estimates for the summer, when influenza activity is low, to adjust for residual confounding.

Results: Study participants contributed to 623 591 person-years of observation during the 7-year study period. Vaccine recipients were older and had more comorbid conditions compared with nonrecipients. After we adjusted for covariates and residual confounding, vaccination was associated with significantly lower admission rates for stroke (IRR 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53–0.91), heart failure (IRR 0.78, 95% CI 0.65–0.92) and pneumonia or influenza (IRR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74–0.99), as well as all-cause death (IRR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65–0.83), and a nonsignificant change for acute MI (IRR 0.81, 95% CI 0.62–1.04) during the influenza seasons.

Interpretation: In this cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes, influenza vaccination was associated with reductions in rates of admission to hospital for specific cardiovascular events. Efforts should be focused on improvements in vaccine uptake in this important target group as part of comprehensive secondary prevention.

  • Accepted May 2, 2016.
View Full Text
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

Canadian Medical Association Journal: 188 (14)
CMAJ
Vol. 188, Issue 14
4 Oct 2016
  • Table of Contents
  • Index by author

Article tools

Respond to this article
Print
Download PDF
Article Alerts
To sign up for email alerts or to access your current email alerts, enter your email address below:
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on CMAJ.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in preventing admission to hospital and death in people with type 2 diabetes
(Your Name) has sent you a message from CMAJ
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the CMAJ web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Citation Tools
Effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in preventing admission to hospital and death in people with type 2 diabetes
Eszter P. Vamos, Utz J. Pape, Vasa Curcin, Matthew J. Harris, Jonathan Valabhji, Azeem Majeed, Christopher Millett
CMAJ Oct 2016, 188 (14) E342-E351; DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.151059

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
‍ Request Permissions
Share
Effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in preventing admission to hospital and death in people with type 2 diabetes
Eszter P. Vamos, Utz J. Pape, Vasa Curcin, Matthew J. Harris, Jonathan Valabhji, Azeem Majeed, Christopher Millett
CMAJ Oct 2016, 188 (14) E342-E351; DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.151059
Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Interpretation
    • Acknowledgements
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Tables
  • Responses
  • Metrics
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • Highlights
  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • Influenza Vaccination Is Associated With Reduced Cardiovascular Mortality in Adults With Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Booster vaccination with inactivated whole-virus or mRNA vaccines and COVID-19–related deaths among people with multimorbidity: a cohort study
  • Association between virtual primary care and emergency department use during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada
  • Survival and health care costs after inpatient elective surgery: comparison of patients with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Show more Research

Similar Articles

Collections

  • Topics
    • Diabetes
    • Public health
    • Vaccination

 

View Latest Classified Ads

Content

  • Current issue
  • Past issues
  • Collections
  • Sections
  • Blog
  • Podcasts
  • Alerts
  • RSS
  • Early releases

Information for

  • Advertisers
  • Authors
  • Reviewers
  • CMA Members
  • CPD credits
  • Media
  • Reprint requests
  • Subscribers

About

  • General Information
  • Journal staff
  • Editorial Board
  • Advisory Panels
  • Governance Council
  • Journal Oversight
  • Careers
  • Contact
  • Copyright and Permissions
  • Accessibiity
  • CMA Civility Standards
CMAJ Group

Copyright 2023, CMA Impact Inc. or its licensors. All rights reserved. ISSN 1488-2329 (e) 0820-3946 (p)

All editorial matter in CMAJ represents the opinions of the authors and not necessarily those of the Canadian Medical Association or its subsidiaries.

To receive any of these resources in an accessible format, please contact us at CMAJ Group, 500-1410 Blair Towers Place, Ottawa ON, K1J 9B9; p: 1-888-855-2555; e: cmajgroup@cmaj.ca

Powered by HighWire