Canada | No | Work hours are currently regulated primarily through negotiated agreements between provincial residents’ associations and employers. In the future, work hours may also be regulated via residency accreditation mechanisms. |
Variability in maximum hours worked per week (range 60–90 h) Limit of 24–26 hours of consecutive work Limit of in-house call once every 4 days, averaged over 4 weeks Limit of out-of-house call once every 3 days
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United States | Yes | Regulations issued by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education |
Limit of 80 hours of work per week, averaged over 4 weeks Limit of 24 hours of continuous work plus 6 hours for handover Limit of in-house call once every 3 days, averaged over 4 weeks
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Europe | Yes | Resident duty hours regulated through the European Working Time Directive |
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New Zealand | Yes | Resident duty hours regulated through the Multi Employer Collective Agreement, in a manner similar to Canadian provinces |
Limit of 72 hours of work per week Limit of 16 hours of continuous work Minimum time off between shifts of 8 hours, minimum every other weekend free of duty
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Australia | No | Recommendations issued by the Australian Medical Association |
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