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Figures
- Figure 1:
Sequential first-pass elimination of a drug, such as felodipine, through metabolism in enterocytes of the small intestine, then hepatocytes of the liver. The percentages of the initial dose that are available before and after passage through the gut wall and liver are shown. Although felodipine is 100% absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, its bioavailability is only 15% after oral administration. CYP3A4 = cytochrome P450 enzyme 3A4.
Image courtesy of Christine Kenny
Tables
- Table 1:
Selected drugs that interact with grapefruit, associated oral bioavailability, adverse event(s), predicted risk and possible alternative agents
- Table 2:
Case reports of serious adverse events related to grapefruit–drug interaction18–26
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Grapefruit–medication interactions: Forbidden fruit or avoidable consequences?
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- What are the key scientific concepts of grapefruit–drug interactions?
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