Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1:
Incident rate of visits to hospital with hemorrhages in 30-day increments after the start of warfarin therapy among older patients (≥ 66 yr) with atrial fibrillation. Rates are stratified by CHADS2 score at the start of treatment.
Tables
- Table 1:
Baseline characteristics of people starting warfarin therapy after atrial fibrillation was diagnosed
Characteristic Patients, no. (%)*
n = 125 195Age at start of study, yr, median (IQR) 77 (72–82) Age category, yr 66–75 53 260 (42.5) 76–85 56 026 (44.8) ≥ 86 15 909 (12.7) Male sex 61 911 (49.5) Income quintile 1 24 945 (19.9) 2 27 033 (21.6) 3 24 707 (19.7) 4 23 401 (18.7) 5 24 752 (19.8) Missing 357 (0.3) Rural residence 18 942 (15.1) Charlson comorbidity index 0 36 616 (29.2) 1 26 397 (21.1) ≥ 2 39 919 (31.9) No admission to hospital 22 263 (17.8) Drugs prescribed in past 1 yr, no., median (IQR) 8 (5–12) Previous admission to hospital for hemorrhage 5 596 (4.5) Resident of long-term care facility 6 411 (5.1) Comorbidity (past 3 yr) Renal disease 1 876 (1.5) Liver disease 3 873 (3.1) Alcoholism 3 801 (3.0) Dementia 11 831 (9.5) Medication use (past 120 d) Acetylsalicylic acid 24 328 (19.4) Acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel 557 (0.4) Acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole 817 (0.7) Other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 20 671 (16.5) Clopidogrel 4 151 (3.3) Ticlopidine 1 092 (0.9) Time to starting warfarin therapy, d, median (IQR) 7 (2–22) 0 21 573 (17.2) 1–7 41 278 (33.0) 8–14 21 090 (16.8) 15–30 16 976 (13.6) 31–100 24 278 (19.4) CHADS2 score (components) Congestive heart failure 44 011 (35.2) Hypertension 94 063 (75.1) Age > 75 yr 78 408 (62.6) Diabetes 30 437 (24.3) Previous stroke 26 661 (21.3) CHADS2 score 0 8 655 (6.9) 1 30 108 (24.0) 2 44 716 (35.7) 3 29 713 (23.7) 4 9 599 (7.7) 5 1 860 (1.5) 6 544 (0.4) Note: IQR = interquartile range.
↵* Unless otherwise indicated.
Characteristic Hemorrhages during 5-yr follow-up, no. (%)* Rate of hemorrhage, % per person-year (95% CI) First 30 d Remainder of 5-yr follow-up Overall Overall, no. 10 840 11.8 (11.1–12.4) 3.4 (3.4–3.5) 3.8 (3.8–3.9) CHADS2 score 0 382 (3.5) 7.2 (5.5–9.5) 1.6 (1.4–1.7) 1.8 (1.6–2.0) 1 1 845 (17.0) 7.3 (6.3–8.4) 2.3 (2.2–2.4) 2.5 (2.4–2.6) 2–3 7 053 (65.1) 13.3 (12.5–14.3) 3.8 (3.7–3.9) 4.3 (4.2–4.4) 4–6 1 560 (14.4) 16.7 (14.3–19.4) 6.0 (5.7–6.3) 6.7 (6.3–7.0) Type of hemorrhage Intracranial 549 (5.1) 0.4 (0.4–0.5) 0.2 (0.2–0.2) 0.2 (0.2–0.2) Upper gastrointestinal 2 829 (26.1) 4.0 (3.8–4.2) 0.9 (0.8–0.9) 1.0 (1.0–1.0) Lower gastrointestinal 3 956 (36.5) 4.6 (4.4–4.9) 1.2 (1.2–1.3) 1.4 (1.4–1.4) Other 4 190 (38.7) 4.7 (4.5–5.0) 1.3 (1.3–1.3) 1.5 (1.5–1.5) Age ≤ 75 yr, no. 3684 9.2 (8.4–10.2) 2.6 (2.5–2.7) 2.9 (2.8–3.0) CHADS2 score 0 382 (10.4) 7.2 (5.5–9.5) 1.6 (1.4–1.7) 1.8 (1.6–2.0) 1 1 204 (32.7) 6.8 (5.7–8.1) 2.0 (1.9–2.2) 2.3 (2.1–2.4) 2–3 1 881 (51.1) 12.1 (10.6–13.9) 3.4 (3.3–3.6) 3.9 (3.7–4.0) 4–6 217 (5.9) 13.1 (8.2–20.7) 5.5 (4.8–6.4) 6.0 (5.3–6.9) Type of hemorrhage Intracranial 194 (5.3) 0.4 (0.3–0.4) 0.1 (0.1–0.1) 0.2 (0.1–0.2) Upper gastrointestinal 1 055 (28.6) 3.9 (3.5–4.3) 0.7 (0.7–0.7) 0.8 (0.8–0.9) Lower gastrointestinal 1 268 (34.4) 3.5 (3.2–3.9) 0.9 (0.9–0.9) 1.0 (1.0–1.0) Other 1 406 (38.2) 3.3 (3.0–3.7) 1.0 (1.0–1.0) 1.1 (1.1–1.1) Age > 75 yr, no. 7 156 13.7 (12.7–14.6) 4.1 (4.0–4.2) 4.6 (4.5–4.7) CHADS2 score 0 0 (0.0) — — — 1 641 (9.0) 8.5 (6.6–10.9) 2.8 (2.6–3.1) 3.1 (2.9–3.4) 2–3 5 172 (72.3) 13.8 (12.8–15.0) 4.0 (3.9–4.1) 4.5 (4.4–4.6) 4–6 1 343 (18.8) 17.3 (14.6–20.3) 6.1 (5.7–6.4) 6.8 (6.4–7.1) Type of hemorrhage Intracranial 355 (5.0) 0.5 (0.4–0.5) 0.2 (0.2–0.2) 0.2 (0.2–0.2) Upper gastrointestinal 1 774 (24.8) 4.1 (3.8–4.3) 1.0 (1.0–1.0) 1.1 (1.1–1.2) Lower gastrointestinal 2 688 (37.6) 5.5 (5.1–5.9) 1.5 (1.5–1.6) 1.7 (1.7–1.8) Other 2 784 (38.9) 5.7 (5.3–6.1) 1.6 (1.5–1.6) 1.8 (1.8–1.8) Note: CI = confidence interval.
↵* Unless otherwise indicated
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