Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current issue
    • Past issues
    • Early releases
    • Collections
    • Sections
    • Blog
    • Infographics & illustrations
    • Podcasts
    • COVID-19 articles
    • Obituary notices
  • Authors & Reviewers
    • Overview for authors
    • Submission guidelines
    • Submit a manuscript
    • Forms
    • Editorial process
    • Editorial policies
    • Peer review process
    • Publication fees
    • Reprint requests
    • Open access
    • Patient engagement
  • Physicians & Subscribers
    • Benefits for Canadian physicians
    • CPD Credits for CMA Members
    • Subscribe to CMAJ Print
    • Subscription prices
    • Obituary notices
  • Alerts
    • Email alerts
    • RSS
  • JAMC
    • À propos
    • Numéro en cours
    • Archives
    • Sections
    • Abonnement
    • Alertes
    • Trousse média 2023
    • Avis de décès
  • CMAJ JOURNALS
    • CMAJ Open
    • CJS
    • JAMC
    • JPN

User menu

Search

  • Advanced search
CMAJ
  • CMAJ JOURNALS
    • CMAJ Open
    • CJS
    • JAMC
    • JPN
CMAJ

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current issue
    • Past issues
    • Early releases
    • Collections
    • Sections
    • Blog
    • Infographics & illustrations
    • Podcasts
    • COVID-19 articles
    • Obituary notices
  • Authors & Reviewers
    • Overview for authors
    • Submission guidelines
    • Submit a manuscript
    • Forms
    • Editorial process
    • Editorial policies
    • Peer review process
    • Publication fees
    • Reprint requests
    • Open access
    • Patient engagement
  • Physicians & Subscribers
    • Benefits for Canadian physicians
    • CPD Credits for CMA Members
    • Subscribe to CMAJ Print
    • Subscription prices
    • Obituary notices
  • Alerts
    • Email alerts
    • RSS
  • JAMC
    • À propos
    • Numéro en cours
    • Archives
    • Sections
    • Abonnement
    • Alertes
    • Trousse média 2023
    • Avis de décès
  • Visit CMAJ on Facebook
  • Follow CMAJ on Twitter
  • Follow CMAJ on Instagram
  • Listen to CMAJ podcasts
Research

Influenza vaccination coverage across ethnic groups in Canada

Susan Quach, Jemila S. Hamid, Jennifer A. Pereira, Christine L. Heidebrecht, Shelley L. Deeks, Natasha S. Crowcroft, Sherman D. Quan, Stephanie Brien and Jeffrey C. Kwong; for the Public Health Agency of Canada/Canadian Institutes of Health Research Influenza Research Network Vaccine Coverage Theme Group
CMAJ October 16, 2012 184 (15) 1673-1681; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.111628
Susan Quach
From Surveillance and Epidemiology (Quach, Pereira, Heidebrecht, Deeks, Crowcroft), Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ont.; the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Hamid), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Deeks, Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto; the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Crowcroft), University of Toronto; the University Health Network (Quan), Toronto, Ont.; the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Brien), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Kwong); and the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kwong), University of Toronto, Toronto Ont.
MSc
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Jemila S. Hamid
From Surveillance and Epidemiology (Quach, Pereira, Heidebrecht, Deeks, Crowcroft), Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ont.; the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Hamid), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Deeks, Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto; the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Crowcroft), University of Toronto; the University Health Network (Quan), Toronto, Ont.; the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Brien), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Kwong); and the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kwong), University of Toronto, Toronto Ont.
PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Jennifer A. Pereira
From Surveillance and Epidemiology (Quach, Pereira, Heidebrecht, Deeks, Crowcroft), Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ont.; the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Hamid), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Deeks, Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto; the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Crowcroft), University of Toronto; the University Health Network (Quan), Toronto, Ont.; the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Brien), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Kwong); and the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kwong), University of Toronto, Toronto Ont.
PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Christine L. Heidebrecht
From Surveillance and Epidemiology (Quach, Pereira, Heidebrecht, Deeks, Crowcroft), Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ont.; the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Hamid), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Deeks, Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto; the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Crowcroft), University of Toronto; the University Health Network (Quan), Toronto, Ont.; the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Brien), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Kwong); and the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kwong), University of Toronto, Toronto Ont.
MSc
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Shelley L. Deeks
From Surveillance and Epidemiology (Quach, Pereira, Heidebrecht, Deeks, Crowcroft), Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ont.; the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Hamid), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Deeks, Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto; the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Crowcroft), University of Toronto; the University Health Network (Quan), Toronto, Ont.; the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Brien), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Kwong); and the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kwong), University of Toronto, Toronto Ont.
MD MHSc
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Natasha S. Crowcroft
From Surveillance and Epidemiology (Quach, Pereira, Heidebrecht, Deeks, Crowcroft), Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ont.; the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Hamid), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Deeks, Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto; the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Crowcroft), University of Toronto; the University Health Network (Quan), Toronto, Ont.; the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Brien), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Kwong); and the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kwong), University of Toronto, Toronto Ont.
MD MSc
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Sherman D. Quan
From Surveillance and Epidemiology (Quach, Pereira, Heidebrecht, Deeks, Crowcroft), Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ont.; the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Hamid), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Deeks, Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto; the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Crowcroft), University of Toronto; the University Health Network (Quan), Toronto, Ont.; the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Brien), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Kwong); and the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kwong), University of Toronto, Toronto Ont.
MSc
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Stephanie Brien
From Surveillance and Epidemiology (Quach, Pereira, Heidebrecht, Deeks, Crowcroft), Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ont.; the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Hamid), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Deeks, Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto; the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Crowcroft), University of Toronto; the University Health Network (Quan), Toronto, Ont.; the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Brien), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Kwong); and the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kwong), University of Toronto, Toronto Ont.
MSc
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Jeffrey C. Kwong
From Surveillance and Epidemiology (Quach, Pereira, Heidebrecht, Deeks, Crowcroft), Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ont.; the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Hamid), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Deeks, Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto; the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Crowcroft), University of Toronto; the University Health Network (Quan), Toronto, Ont.; the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Brien), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Kwong); and the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kwong), University of Toronto, Toronto Ont.
MD MSc
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: [email protected]
  • Article
  • Figures & Tables
  • Responses
  • Metrics
  • PDF
Loading
Submit a Response to This Article
Compose Response

More information about text formats

Plain text

  • No HTML tags allowed.
  • Web page addresses and e-mail addresses turn into links automatically.
  • Lines and paragraphs break automatically.
References
Author Information
First or given name, e.g. 'Peter'.
Your last, or family, name, e.g. 'MacMoody'.
Your email address, e.g. [email protected]
Your role and/or occupation, e.g. 'Orthopedic Surgeon'. Minimum 7 characters.
Your organization or institution (if applicable), e.g. 'Royal Free Hospital'. Minimum 12 characters.
Your organization, institution's or residential address.
Statement of Competing Interests

Vertical Tabs

Jump to comment:

  • Re:Missed Determinant of Vaccination Concordance
    Jeff Kwong
    Posted on: 07 November 2012
  • Missed Determinant of Vaccination Concordance
    Albert J Schumacher
    Posted on: 05 November 2012
  • Posted on: (7 November 2012)
    Page navigation anchor for Re:Missed Determinant of Vaccination Concordance
    Re:Missed Determinant of Vaccination Concordance
    • Jeff Kwong, Scientist
    We would like to thank Dr. Schumacher for his comment regarding our article (Influenza vaccination coverage across ethnic groups in Canada). We also strongly agree that length of time since arrival to Canada is an important determinant of influenza vaccination and thus we controlled for this variable in the multivariate model through a proxy measure. Due to issues of collinearity (i.e., variables being highly correlated) when mode...
    Show More
    We would like to thank Dr. Schumacher for his comment regarding our article (Influenza vaccination coverage across ethnic groups in Canada). We also strongly agree that length of time since arrival to Canada is an important determinant of influenza vaccination and thus we controlled for this variable in the multivariate model through a proxy measure. Due to issues of collinearity (i.e., variables being highly correlated) when modeling the length of time in Canada and age, we decided to model the percentage of years spent in Canada (number of years in Canada divided by age), thereby controlling for the effects of time since immigration. We were not able to control for length of time since arrival in Canada by respondents' ancestors, other than determining that a respondent was born in Canada.

    Conflict of Interest:

    None declared

    Show Less
    Competing Interests: None declared.
  • Posted on: (5 November 2012)
    Page navigation anchor for Missed Determinant of Vaccination Concordance
    Missed Determinant of Vaccination Concordance
    • Albert J Schumacher, Family Physician

    The authors have formulated an interesting article focused on ethnicity however missed perhaps the most important factor in vaccination status: length of time since arrival in Canada by either themselves or their ancestors. This would correlate strongly with first hand or familial encounter and experience with infectious disease from either country of origin in the developing world or time spent in suboptimal conditions...

    Show More

    The authors have formulated an interesting article focused on ethnicity however missed perhaps the most important factor in vaccination status: length of time since arrival in Canada by either themselves or their ancestors. This would correlate strongly with first hand or familial encounter and experience with infectious disease from either country of origin in the developing world or time spent in suboptimal conditions as result of war or as a refugee. Generally people who have seen the devastating and often lethal effects of infectious disease first hand are eager to be immunized against any and all possibilities when offered especially when they are without cost. This would certainly extend to their children and grandchildren. Except for the Aboriginal population which was not easily identified or measured in this study, whites and blacks have been in Canada longer than almost every other group. They have the least experience with and memory of disease, pestilence and plague.

    Conflict of Interest:

    Advisory Boards for Vaccine Divisions of Merck, GSK, Novartis and AstraZeneca

    Show Less
    Competing Interests: None declared.
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

Canadian Medical Association Journal: 184 (15)
CMAJ
Vol. 184, Issue 15
16 Oct 2012
  • Table of Contents
  • Index by author

Article tools

Respond to this article
Print
Download PDF
Article Alerts
To sign up for email alerts or to access your current email alerts, enter your email address below:
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on CMAJ.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Influenza vaccination coverage across ethnic groups in Canada
(Your Name) has sent you a message from CMAJ
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the CMAJ web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Citation Tools
Influenza vaccination coverage across ethnic groups in Canada
Susan Quach, Jemila S. Hamid, Jennifer A. Pereira, Christine L. Heidebrecht, Shelley L. Deeks, Natasha S. Crowcroft, Sherman D. Quan, Stephanie Brien, Jeffrey C. Kwong
CMAJ Oct 2012, 184 (15) 1673-1681; DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.111628

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
‍ Request Permissions
Share
Influenza vaccination coverage across ethnic groups in Canada
Susan Quach, Jemila S. Hamid, Jennifer A. Pereira, Christine L. Heidebrecht, Shelley L. Deeks, Natasha S. Crowcroft, Sherman D. Quan, Stephanie Brien, Jeffrey C. Kwong
CMAJ Oct 2012, 184 (15) 1673-1681; DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.111628
Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Interpretation
    • Acknowledgements
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Tables
  • Responses
  • Metrics
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • Ethnic disparities in influenza vaccination in Canada
  • Highlights
  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • Augmenter le taux de vaccination contre le SRAS-CoV-2 parmi la population noire au Canada
  • Increasing SARS-CoV-2 vaccination rates among Black people in Canada
  • Impact of pharmacist administration of influenza vaccines on uptake in Canada
  • Factors associated with influenza vaccination coverage among the elderly in South Korea: the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV)
  • Influenza immunization among Canadian health care personnel: a cross-sectional study
  • Trends in influenza vaccine coverage and vaccine hesitancy in Canada, 2006/07 to 2013/14: results from cross-sectional survey data
  • Missing determinant of vaccination concordance
  • Ethnic disparities in influenza vaccination in Canada
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Emergency department visits and hospital admissions for suicidal ideation, self-poisoning and self-harm among adolescents in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic
  • Self-harm among youth during the first 28 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada: a population-based study
  • Trends in hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease over 16 years in Canada
Show more Research

Similar Articles

Collections

  • Topics
    • Infectious diseases
    • Vaccination

 

View Latest Classified Ads

Content

  • Current issue
  • Past issues
  • Collections
  • Sections
  • Blog
  • Podcasts
  • Alerts
  • RSS
  • Early releases

Information for

  • Advertisers
  • Authors
  • Reviewers
  • CMA Members
  • CPD credits
  • Media
  • Reprint requests
  • Subscribers

About

  • General Information
  • Journal staff
  • Editorial Board
  • Advisory Panels
  • Governance Council
  • Journal Oversight
  • Careers
  • Contact
  • Copyright and Permissions
CMAJ Group

Copyright 2023, CMA Impact Inc. or its licensors. All rights reserved. ISSN 1488-2329 (e) 0820-3946 (p)

All editorial matter in CMAJ represents the opinions of the authors and not necessarily those of the Canadian Medical Association or its subsidiaries.

To receive any of these resources in an accessible format, please contact us at CMAJ Group, 500-1410 Blair Towers Place, Ottawa ON, K1J 9B9; p: 1-888-855-2555; e: [email protected]

CMA Civility, Accessibility, Privacy

 

Powered by HighWire