RCT |
|
Dormandy et al., 2005 (PROactive study, multicentre) (7) | Pioglitazone | No TZD use | 2 605 | 2 633 | 2001–2004 | 2.9 | NA |
|
Kahn et al., 2006 (ADOPT, multicentre) (16) | Rosiglitazone (monotherapy) | No TZD use (metformin or glibenclamide monotherapy) | 1 456 | 2 895 | 2000–2006 | 3.4 | NA |
|
Home et al., 2009 (RECORD, multicentre) (17) | Rosiglitazone (+ sulfonylurea or metformin) | No TZD use (sulfonylurea and metformin) | 2 220 | 2 227 | 2001–2008 | 5.5 | NA |
|
Sanofi-Aventis 2009 (multicentre, United States) (21) | TZD (unspecified) (+ insulin glargine and sulfonylurea or metformin) | No TZD use (insulin glargine, metformin and sulfonylurea) | 256 | 130 | 2006–2008 | NR§ | NA |
|
Cohort |
|
Oliveria et al., 2008 (United States) (18)* | TZD (unspecified) | No TZD use | NR | NR | 2000–2004 | 3.9 | Yes¶ |
|
Lewis et al., 2011 (Kaiser Permanente, California, United States) (10) | Pioglitazone | No pioglitazone use | 30 173 | 162 926 | 1997–2008 | 3.3 (exposed group); 6.2 (comparison group) | Yes** |
|
Tseng, 2011 (National Health Insurance, Taiwan) (11) | Pioglitazone and/or rosiglitazone | No TZD use | 1 028 | 112 520 | 2003–2005 | 3.0 | Yes†† |
|
Tseng, 2012 (National Health Insurance, Taiwan) (20) | Pioglitazone | No pioglitazone use | 2 545 | 52 383 | 2006–2009 | NR | Yes‡‡ |
|
Neumann et al., 2012 (National Health Insurance, France) (19)† | Pioglitazone | No pioglitazone use | 155 535 | 1 335 525 | 2006–2009 | 2.4 (pioglitazone exposed group) | Yes§§ |
|
Rosiglitazone | No rosiglitazone use | 153 334 | 1 337 726 |
|
Case–control |
|
Piccinni et al., 2011 (FDA Adverse Event Reporting System, United States) (9)‡ | Pioglitazone | No pioglitazone use | 37 841 | 561 244 | 2004–2009 | NA | NR |