A comprehensive view of sex-specific issues related to cardiovascular disease

Fig. 2: Trends in age-standardized (world population) cardiovascular disease mortality among men and women in the European Union, Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia), the United States and Japan from 1965 to 1972. Reproduced with permission from BMJ Publishing Group (Heart 2002;88:119-24).8

Fig. 3: American National Hospital Discharge Survey data on annual hospital admissions because of heart failure among adults 35 years and older, 1990–2000. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier (Am Heart J 2004;147:74-8).23

Fig. 4: Trends in body mass of Canadian boys and girls. Source: Adapted from Tremblay and Willms.49

Fig. 5: Trends in systolic and diastolic blood pressure among children and adolescents in the United States. Source: Adapted from Muntner et al.63

Fig. 6: Trends in current-smoker prevalence among Canadian adolescents, 15–19 years of age. Source: Adapted from Gilmore.72

Fig. 7: Trends in mean daily caloric intake among children and adolescents. Source: Adapted from Troiano et al.77

Fig. 8: Trends in leisure-time physical activity among Canadian adolescents. Proportion active are those with an average daily energy expenditure of at least 3.0 kcal/kg. Source: Adapted from Statistics Canada.87

Fig. 9: Prevalence of current smoking by age and sex, 2003. Source: Adapted from Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey.195