Original Articles
Associations of job strain and lifestyle risk factors with risk of coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis of individual participant data
Mika Kivimäki, Solja T. Nyberg, Eleonor I. Fransson, Katriina Heikkilä, Lars Alfredsson, Annalisa Casini, Els Clays, Dirk De Bacquer, Nico Dragano, Jane E. Ferrie, Marcel Goldberg, Mark Hamer, Markus Jokela, Robert Karasek, France Kittel, Anders Knutsson, Markku Koskenvuo, Maria Nordin, Tuula Oksanen, Jaana Pentti, Reiner Rugulies, Paula Salo, Johannes Siegrist, Sakari B. Suominen, Tores Theorell, Jussi Vahtera, Marianna Virtanen, Peter J.M. Westerholm, Hugo Westerlund, Marie Zins, Andrew Steptoe, Archana Singh-Manoux and David Batty
CMAJ May 13, 2013 cmaj.121735; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.121735
Mika Kivimäki
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Solja T. Nyberg
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Eleonor I. Fransson
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Katriina Heikkilä
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Lars Alfredsson
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Annalisa Casini
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Els Clays
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Dirk De Bacquer
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Nico Dragano
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Jane E. Ferrie
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Marcel Goldberg
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Mark Hamer
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Markus Jokela
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Robert Karasek
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
France Kittel
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Anders Knutsson
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Markku Koskenvuo
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Maria Nordin
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Tuula Oksanen
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Jaana Pentti
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Reiner Rugulies
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Paula Salo
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Johannes Siegrist
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Sakari B. Suominen
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Tores Theorell
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Jussi Vahtera
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Marianna Virtanen
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Peter J.M. Westerholm
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Hugo Westerlund
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Marie Zins
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Andrew Steptoe
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Archana Singh-Manoux
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
David Batty
From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki, Ferrie, Hamer, Steptoe, Singh-Manoux, Batty), University College London, London, UK; the Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations (Nyberg, Heikkilä, Oksanen, Pentti, Salo, Vahtera, Virtanen), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; the School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden; the Institute of Environmental Medicine (Fransson, Alfredsson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; the Stress Research Institute (Fransson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; the School of Public Health (Casini, Kittel), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; the Department of Public Health (Clays, De Bacquer), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; the Department of Medical Sociology (Dragano, Siegrist), University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; the School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Inserm U1018 (Goldberg, Singh-Manoux, Zins), Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, Villejuif Cedex, France; Versailles–Saint Quentin University (Goldberg, Zins), Versailles, France; the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (Jokela) and the Department of Public Health (Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; the Department of Work Environment (Karasek), University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass.; the Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; the Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umea University, Umea, Sweden; the National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; the Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Psychology (Salo) and the Department of Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; the Nordic School of Public Health, (Suominen), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Online Appendices
- Appendix 1: IPD-Work Consortium pooled analysis: studies and participants
- Appendix 2: Calculation of population attributable risk
- Appendix 3: Characteristics of participants from 7 cohort studies included in the current meta-analyses
- Appendix 4: Association between lifestyle risk factors, job strain and risk of coronary artery disease after adjustment for age, sex, cohort and socioeconomic status